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定语从句语法讲解

Unit 9语法导学案:定语从句专题讲解一、基本概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where h e lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有:that,who,whom,whose,which,as关系副词有:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。

例如:This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。

例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况:a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:What‘s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tom came back,which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。

它的先行词通常有:time,day,morning,night,week,year等例如:This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。

它的先行词常有:place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。

例如:This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

注意:先行词表示地点,不一定都用Where引导定语从句一般来说,英语学习者的脑海中会形成这样一个概念:在定语从句中,如果先行词是表示地点的名词(如place等),就用关系副词where引导定语从句。

这种想法是错误的。

如果定语从句不缺少主语或宾语,而是缺少地点状语,便用where来引导;如果定语从句不缺少状语,而是缺少主语或宾语,则要用关系代词(which或that)来引导,以补足定语从句中所缺失的主语或宾语如1.In an hour,we can travel to places_____would have taken our ancestors days to re ach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what2.This is the town_____I wanted to visit most.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what3.This is the town_____I was born.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what4.I’ve never been to Beijing,but its the place____.A.where I’d like to visitB.in which I’d like to visitC.I most want to visitD.that I want to visit it most(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。

它的先行词只有reason。

例如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

1这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:when=on(in,at,during......)+which;where=in (at,o......)+which;why=for which.例如:I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.练习题I.单项填空1.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?-Yes,he‘s our headmaster.A. heB.whoC. whichD. whom2. Is this the river _____I can swim?A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one3.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?A. that you boughtB. you bought itC. that you bought itD. which you bought it5.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A. thatB. itC. which who7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gateA. who‘sB. whoseC. that of which.8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A. which;isB. whom;wasC. who;isD. who;was9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who10. The world ______ is made up of matter.A. in that we liveB. on which we liveC. where we live inD. we live inⅡ、用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。

1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _____we live in is very old.5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?Ⅲ、根据句意,在横线处填上恰当的关系代词。

1. Who drew the picture ________ is worth 60,000 yuan?2. The man ________ is wearing a blue T-shirt is good at skating.3. This is a store ________ sells all kinds of school things.4. The woman ________ you talked to just now is our English teacher.5. The town ________ we visited last time is much larger than before.6. We saw the tree ________ was five hundred years old.7. The computer ________ my father bought for me works well.8. He is the boy ________ I saw in front of the library.。

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