定语从句的译法
（一） 前置法 （二） 后置法 （三） 融合法 （四） 译成状语
（一） 前置法
把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词 组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合 句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于限制 性定语从句比较短的情况。 一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可 采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。
3) World War Ⅱwas, however, more complex than World WarⅠ, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories. 第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土 的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中 国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想 而牺牲了自己的生命。
2) I told the story to John , who told it to his brother. 我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
译成并列分句，重复先行词
1、译成表“因”的分句 We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night。
我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛吸收更多的光线， 所以猫在黑夜也能看很清楚。
他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老人，眼睛里愤怒地闪着红光。
译成独立句（非限制性定从）
1) He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和副总统尼克松谈过话。副总统向他担保，凡是能 够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。 2) One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. 有一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实为我生平仅所见。 这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。
• 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰 时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： • Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. • 查理· 史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
• My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. • 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 • This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. • 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
5、译成表“条件”、“假设”的分句 Men become desperate for work, any work which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它有助 养活一家人就行。 He would be a short –sighted commander who merely manned his fortress and did not look beyond. 谁如果只守城堡而不往远处看，那他就是一个目光短浅的 指挥员。
4、译成表“目的”的分句 The imperialist states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploiting the people in distant lands. 帝国主义国家维持了庞大的陆海军，用以压迫和剥削遥远的 他国人民。
3)
We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity. 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。
（四） 译成状语
英语中有些定语从句, 兼有状语从句的职能, 在 逻辑上与主句有状语关系, 说明原因、结果、目 的、让步、假设等关系, 翻译时应善于从原文的 字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系, 然后译成汉语 中相应的偏正复合句。
全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活 的一天是会到来的。
前置法
(3) The sun , which had hidden all day , now came out in all its splendor.
那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒 四射地露面了。
(4) But Miggle’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.
（三） 融合法
融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合在一起 译成一个简单句。由于限制性定语从句与主句关 系较紧密，所以融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从 句，尤其是“there be ”结构带有定语从句的句型。
（三） 融合法
1) There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 2) There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。
• Exercise • Answer
About Homework
• Weak is he who permits his thoughts to control his actions.
• Strong is he who forces his actions to control his thoughts.
•潮起潮落，冬去春来，夏末秋至，日出日落，月圆月 缺，雁来雁往，花飞花谢 •How do the author follow the plan of battle before s/he is captured by sadness, self-pity and failure.
General Introduction
• 英语中的定语从句有两种：限制性定语从句和非 限制性定语从句。 • 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉 它主句意思往往不明确；例如 • This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） • 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了 也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗 号分开 。例如 • The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非 限制性）
• 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进 行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： • He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. • 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 • Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. • 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发
Lecture 11 语序调整 之 定语从句的译法
英汉定语从句对比
• • • • • • •来自1. This is the cat. 这就是那只猫。 2. This is the cat that killed the rat. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。 4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. • * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠 的猫。 • 5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. • * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的 蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
2、译成表“果”的分句 There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所以他们 都很喜欢。
3、译成表“让步”的分句 He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 他坚持再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。
译成并列分句，省略先行词
1) It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。
2)
He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man, whose eyes flashed red with fury.
前置法
(1) The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.