当前位置:文档之家› 初中英语易混词辨析

初中英语易混词辨析

初中英语易混词辨析.中考常考同义词或词组同近义词或词组的辨析题,不仅在平时测验、周考、月考中常出,也是中考的一个重要考察点,平时我们就应该注意这些词的不同用法以及一些固定搭配,这样不仅对平时成绩有帮助,也会在中考时起一定的作用,下面我们就逐步的总结一下这些重要的常考的同近义词:1.spend, pay, cost, take(1) spend vt. “花费”,主语只能是人;常用结构:sb. spend 时间/钱 on sth. “在…上花时间/金钱sb. spend 时间/钱 (in) doing sth. “在做某事上花费时间/金钱”eg: I spend two hours on my homework every day.=I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day.spend 还有“度过”的意思。

此外,※常用结构:with sb.spend…。

's friends“和朋友一起度假”eg: spend one's holiday with one (2) pay vt. & vi. “花费,付款”,主语只能是人;常用结构:“某人为某物付钱” sb. pay 钱 for sth.“某人付钱给某人”= sb. pay钱 to sb. 钱sb, pay sb.我们必须付他10美元。

eg: We must pay him 10 dollars.= She paid 100 dollars for her new shoes.,主语是物,(3) cost vt.“花费”常用结构:sth. cost sb钱“某物花费某人多少钱”- 2 -eg: This dictionary cost me 50 yuan.=I spent 50 yuan on this dictionary.=I paid 50 yuan for this dictionary.※此外,cost还有“值多少钱”的意思。

常用结构:sth. cost 钱eg: This book cost 20 yuan. 这本书值20元钱。

※ cost 还可作名词,“成本,费用”。

固定搭配:at all costs 不惜任何代价,无论如何eg: I'll do it well at all costs. 无论如何我都要把这件事做好。

※※ cost 的过去式是本身,做题时一定要注意句子是什么时态,前后搭配要一致。

常见的过去式是本身的动词:cost, put, cut, read(4) take 当“花费”讲时,主语是物,常用结构:It takes sb.时间/钱 to do sth.eg: It took me two hours to write this composition.= I spend two hours (in) writing this composition.2.arrive, get to, reach(1) 这三个词都有“到达”的意思,但arrive为不及物动词,后接地点名词时要加介词,reach和get to后面直接跟表示地点的名词,常用结构:arrive in + 大地方(名词)arrive at + 小地方(名词)get to + 地点(名词)reach + 地点(名词)Eg: arrive in Beijing = get to Beijing = reach Beijing- 3 -Arrive at the station = get to station = reach the starion※ (2) arrive 和 get to 后接地点副词时,arrive后不加介词,get to 去掉to,Eg: arrive home/here/there = get home/here/there※初中常见的地点副词有home, here, there.※※三者只有arrive可以不加地点。

如:“我们明天到”,只能用 We will arrive tommorrow.3.wear, put on, dress, have on, be in, be dressed input on 和 dress 表穿动作,其他的都表示状态。

(1) put on “穿上,戴上”,宾语是衣服、鞋帽等,※宾语为代词时,要放在put on之间,如:put them on, put it on. eg: It's very cold outside. Please put on your overcoat.※※反义短语为take off,注意一定不是put off.(2) wear 常指“穿着”、“戴着”的状态,宾语是衣服、鞋帽等。

它还有“留(长发),蓄(胡子)”等意思,eg: wear blue shoes/glasses/a new hat/a watch/new clothes (3) dress + sb. / oneself “给某人穿衣服”,宾语不能是“衣服”,只能是“人”,eg: The mother dresses her baby every morning.(4)have on 指状态,不用进行时,因为它本身就有进行时的含义:“有…在身上”,eg: He always has his cap on, 他总是戴着帽子。

(5)be in, be dressed in 后面不仅可接“衣服”,还可接“颜色”,这是与前面几个词和短语的用法不同的。

eg: She is always (dresses) in red. 她总穿红衣服。

4.few, a few, little, a little, a bit, a bit of这几个词分成几对来比较:(1) a few few- 4 -littlea little)( 只能横向比较和竖向比较表肯定“有一点”,有①few 和 a few后面都接可数名词的复数形式,a的表示,表否定;没有a的表示“几乎没有”的后接不可数名词,有a的表示“有一点”,表肯定;没有a②little 和 a little表示“几乎没有”,表否定;Eg: hurry up. There is little time left, 快点,没有时间了。

Don't worry. There is still a little time left.别着急,还有一点时间。

He has few friends, so he is very lonely.他几乎没有朋友,所以他感到很孤独。

注意: only a little = littleonly a few = few当 a few 前有另一个形容词或定冠词修饰时,a 要去掉。

Eg: in the past few years . 在过去的几年中。

Every few hundred meters 每隔几百米。

(2) a little,a bit,a little bit, a bit of① a little,a bit与a little bit修饰形容词和副词时,基本可以互换,只是a littlebit的语气比前两者弱;Eg: I am a little tired. = I am a bit tired. 我有一点累。

注意:a little 还可以修饰比较级,a bit 则不能。

(修饰比较级的其他词:much, even, a little, a lot ,far ,any) Eg: She is a little taller than me. 她比我高一点。

※② a bit of 修饰不可数名词,a bit 不可以修饰名词;修饰名词时:a little + 不可数名词= a bit of + 不可数名词表达否定时:not a bit = not at all “一点也不”- 5 -“十分,相当” Not a little = quiteEg: She is not a bit tired. (=She is not tired at all.) 她一点都不累。

她很累She is not a little tired.too many, too much, much too5.,指超过了一定的限度,前者后接可数much 意为“太多”(1) too many 和too名词复数,后者接不可数名词,并且可以单独使用。

s singing competetion. Eg: Too many people took part in yesterday' 太多的人参加了昨天的歌唱比赛。

I am sorry. I have given you too much trouble.对不起,我给你添了太多的麻烦。

他吃得太多了。

He ate too much.,后接形容词或副词。

(2) much too意为“太…,非常…”Eg: The shoes are much too large for me.这鞋我穿起来实在是太大了。

He ran much too fast.他跑得太快了。

(太);均以词组中的后一个词为主,即much too的重心是too 注意:这三个词组,,区别在于名词可的重心也是(多)(多),too many muchtoo much 的重心是不可数,所以我们做题时只看后面修饰的是什么词就可以了。

这一用法。

没有many too ※※have to, must6.;(1) have to 表示由于客观环境或条件的要求而“必须,不得不”表示说话人的主观要求和看法;musts time for class now. I have to go. Eg: It' 上课时间到了,我不得不走了。

I must go home now. 我现在必须回家绝不可”“禁止,must 而“不必”(2) have to 的否定式式的意思;的否定式是- 6 -的意思,两者大不相同;t have to hand in your homework today, Eg: You don'你们不必今天交家庭作业。

't have to)'t be late. 你绝不能迟到。

(不用 don You musten 不能;可表示推测,用在肯定句中,译成“一定”;have to (3) must他一定生病了。

Eg: He must be ill.你当时一定知道这个消息。

You must have known the news. 则无时态变化。

有时态变化,must (4) have to(将来时)' ll have to see doctor. Eg: If you are ill, you 如果你生病了,你就得去看医生。

相关主题