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20０1年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Ｓectｉon I V ocａbｕｌary(10 points)Ｄirｅctioｎｓ:Tｈeｒe ａre 20 iｎcｏmplete seｎteｎｃｅｓin this sｅｃtioｎ.Foｒeach seｎten ｃe tｈere are fouｒchoiｃesｍａｒked A，B, C and D. Ｃｈoose tｈｅone ｔｈaｔbest cｏmpｌeｔes tｈe sentenｃe ａnd ｍark youｒansｗerｓon AＮＳWERＳHEET 1.1.Ｔhｅanｎｕal------ｏf the dｅpartmｅntｓｔｏｒe starts tomorroｗ．A stockiｎg．B stocktakinｇC sｔockpｉling. Ｄstocｋholdｉng.2.Remｅmｂer to ａsk foｒａ------of qualitｙfoｒtheseｇoods;oｔｈerwｉｓe tｈey will ｎot offer any mａintｅｎaｎcｅ.A warrａnty.B proｍｉｓeCｃｅrtificａｔe．D reｃejpt.3.In mａnyｃounｔrｉes tｏｂaｃｃo aｎｄmedicineａrｅgoveｒnmenｔ-－--－-．A control．B mｏｎopolｙC busｉｎｅsｓ.D bｅlongings.4.Ｂank noｔｅs ａｒe not ｕsuａlly-－----inｔo ｇｏld nｏwadays.A invｅrtｅｄ.B reverｔｉｂleCｃonvertｉble.D dｉveｒtiｎg.５.I--－－--ｙouｔhat ｔｈe goods ｗill beｄｅlivｅreｄnext wｅek.Ａinsisｔ.B confirmＣassuｒe. Ｄenｓuｒｅ.6.Tｈe manageｒｊｕsｔ-－-－--his resignatiｏn to thｅｂoａｒd meetｉｎg y ｅsteｒｄａy and toｄａy anoｔｈer ｏne ｔook hｉsｐlace．A sｅnｔuｐ.Ｂseｎt offＣseｎt oｕt. Dｓｅnt in．7.Ｌeｔs noｔ－-----over such aｔｒiｆｌe！A falｌthroｕgｈ．ＢfaｌｌｏutC fall oｆf.Dｆallｂack.8.The cultures of China ａnd Jａｐanｈave ｓｈａｒeｄｍany fｅａｔｕreｓ,but each has ｕsｅｄthｅm aｃcording to its ｎａtioｎal----－-.A peｒsonalｉty. ＢtemperａｍenｔC interest．D destiny.9.Ｏｕr journeyｗａs ｓlow bｅｃause the traｉn stopped--－---atｄiffｅrｅnt villages．Ａgradｕalｌy. B coｎtinuoｕslyＣcｏｎｓｔａntlｙ．D cｏntinｕａlｌｙ.１0．Whenｈe realizeｄｔhe ｐolｉce had ｓpottｅｄｈｉm,the ｍan------ｔhe e ｘit as ｑｕicｋly ａs posｓiblｅ．A maｄｅfoｒ.Ｂｍaｄe ouｔC maｄe ｕp to.D mａde way.11.Ｔhe goods－-----ｗhen we arrｉｖed aｔthe airport.A wereｊust unloaｄeｄ.B werｅjust being ｕnloadedC were juｓt beeｎunloaded.D haｄｊuｓt unｌoａded.12．Thｅpｒoｆessor can haｒｄly find suffｉｃｉent groundｓ－-----his aｒgumeｎt in fａｖor ｏf thｅneｗｔｈeoｒy.A wｈｉｃh to ｂaseｏｎ．B on wｈiｃh to bａｓeＣto ｂａse ｏn which. Ｄwhｉcｈtｏbe ｂaseｄｏｎ．13.I thｉnk ｙouｒｗoｒds carrｙmore ｗeigｈt than------．A anｙｂody elsｅs．Bｔｈat of anybodyｓCａｎｙbody elｓｅ. D else ａｎybｏdy s.1４．The ｓeｃonｄboｏk ｗas------bｙAｕgust 1９９６,but two ｙｅars lａｔer,the ｅnd wａs stilｌｎowhere in sigｈt．A to completｅ.B completｅdＣto hａve been completeｄ．Ｄtｏhaｖe coｍpleｔeｄ．15.I woulｄhavｅgone tｏｖiｓｉt ｈiｍin the hospｉtal haｄit been ａt all possibｌe,bｕｔＩ---－--fullｙoccｕpiｅｄthe ｗｈoｌe of last ｗｅeｋ.Ａｗｅre.BｗａsC hａd ｂeen.D have beeｎ.16.No dｉfficulｔyａｎｄｎo hardshｉｐ------diｓcourageｄhiｍ.Ａｈas．B haveCｈａs been．D have ｂeen.17.I aｌways keep candlｅsｉn the house-----－ｔhere iｓａｐoweｒｃuｔ.Ａif. B in caseＣon coｎdiｔｉonｔhat．D wｈen.18.Soｍeｍodern cｈildｒｅn sｆｉction deals with ｓerioｕs proｂｌemｓaｎｄｓituatiｏｎs witｈa reａlｉsｍselｄoｍ------in eaｒlｉer bｏoｋs.A attempted.B attemptingCｂeｉｎg aｔtｅｍpｔｅｄ. Ｄhaving aｔｔｅmpｔed.19.Written ｉn a ｈurrｙ，－----－.Ａｈe made maｎy mｉstａｋes in the ｐapｅr．Bｔhere wｅre a lot ｏｆｍiｓtakes in the paｐer.C we fｏund plenｔｙofｅｒroｒs in heｒpapeｒＤthe paper wasｆulｌof erroｒｓ.20．Some studeｎt prefｅr a ｓｔricｔｔeacher whｏtellｓthem exａctｌy what tｏdo.Others prefer------to woｒｋon their ｏｗn．A lｅaｖing．B to leaｖeC haｖing bｅｅｎlefｔ.D toｂe left.Section II Cｌoze(１0 poiｎｔs）Ｄiｒeｃtioｎs: Reａd ｔhe following text．Choose tｈe ｂesｔworｄ(ｓ)for each n ｕmbered bｌaｎk and ｍａrｋＡ,B,Ｃor D oｎANＳWER SＨEEＴ1.It is difficult to imagine what lｉfｅwould bｅlike withｏｕt mｅmory.The ｍeaｎings of thousands of evｅｒyday peｒｃeptiｏns,thｅｂases 21thｅｄｅciｓionｓwe make，and ｔhe roots ｏf our habiｔｓanｄｓkillｓaｒe ｔo bｅ２2in our paｓt experieｎces,whiｃh ａre ｂrｏｕghtsｉnｔosthe present23ｍｅｍｏrｙ．Memory can ｂe ｄefiｎed as thｅcapaｃity tｏkｅep ２4 avａilａble for later use．It iｎｃludes nｏt oｎlｙ"rememberｉng＂thingｌiｋe arithmｅtｉc or hiｓtorical ｆactｓ,bｕt aｌｓo aｎy chaｎgｅin ｔhe way anａniｍａl tyｐicａllyｂeｈavｅｓ．Meｍorｙis25wｈen a ｒaｔｇives uｐeating grain becaｕse he ｈas snif ｆed soｍeｔhing suspicioｕs ｉn the ｇｒａiｎpiｌｅ．Memｏry ｉs alｓo iｎvoｌvｅｄwhen a sｉｘyeａr oｌd child learns to swing a ｂaseｂall ｂat.Memory26not ｏnｌy in humaｎs aｎd animals buｔａlso inｓomｅphysical objects aｎd ｐuｔeｒs,for examｐle，ｃoｎtａin devicｅs ｆoｒstoｒｉng d ａｔa for latｅr use.Iｔiｓｉntｅrestｉng to comparｅｔheｍeｍoryｓtorage capaci ｔy ｏf a compｕｔer2７tｈaｔoｆ a hｕman beinｇ．The instant access mｅｍory oｆa large computｅr maｙｈｏld up tｏ1０0，00０"woｒdｓ"readｙfｏr28 usｅ.A naverａｇe Americaｎteenａgerｐrｏｂably recognizes the meanings of ａbout 100,000 ｗｏrｄs of Ｅｎglish.Howｅvｅr,this ｉs but a ｆrａcｔioｎｏf theｔｏｔａｌ２９of infｏrmation which the ｔeeｎagｅｒhaｓstorｅd.Considｅr,fｏrｅxample,ｔｈｅnｕmbｅr oｆfａｃts and pｌaｃeｓthat tｈe teenaｇer can recogniｚe on siｇｈt.Thｅuｓe oｆｗorｄs is tｈe baｓis oｆthe advancｅd ｐｒｏbleｍsolviｎｇｉnteｌlｉｇence of humaｎbeingｓ.Aｌarge paｒt of ａpｅｒｓｏnｓmｅmory ｉs in ｔｅｒｍｓof wordｓand30ｏf worｄs．21A of．B tｏ．C fｏr. Ｄon2２Aｋept. Bｆｏund.C souｇht.D storｅｄ2３A by. B frｏm. Ｃｗiｔｈ. D in24.Aｅxperienｃeｓ．B bases C obｓｅrvatｉons．D iｎfoｒmａtｉon.２5A cａlleｄ. B taken.Cｉnｖｏlved. Ｄincluded26Ａexｉsts. B apｐears. C afｆｅcts.Ｄseeｍs2７Aｔo.Bｗｉth．C agａｉｎｓt．D for２8.A proｇressive. Ｂinstｒｕctive C insｔant．D proｔective.2９A deal. Ｂnumｂer．C mouｎｔ. D aｍount30.A coｍbiｎations.B coｒｒｅctions Cｃoｏrdinationｓ.Ｄcoｌｌections.SectioｎＩＩI Reａding compｒeheｎｓion （4０ｐoiｎts)Section ADｉｒecｔions:．Therｅaｒｅ5pａｓsａｇｅs in this ｐａrt．Each passage is folｌｏwed by sｏme ｑueｓｔｉｏｎs oｒunfinished sｔatemeｎｔs．For each of tｈｅm tｈere ａrｅfｏｕr choices maｒked A,B,C,and D．Yｏu sｈoulｄdeｃiｄｅoｎthe beｓtｃhoｉce aｎｄblacken the corrｅsｐonding leｔｔeｒon the AnswｅｒSheｅt with a pｅncil．.Qｕｅｓtｉonｓ31 tｏ34 are bａｓed on ｔｈe follｏwing pａssaｇe:The sｔaｂiliｔy ｏf the U.S．bankｉnｇsystem ｉs mａintaｉned by mｅans oｆｓu ｐeｒvisｉoｎand rｅgulatｉｏn,inｓpectｉoｎs,dｅposiｔinsurａnce,ａnd lｏaｎs to ｔroubled bａnkｓ.Ｆor ｏｖeｒ50yeaｒs,ｔhese precautioｎｓｈaｖe preｖｅnted bａnｋiｎg pａnｉｃｓ．Ｈowever,there ｈａve been sｏｍｅcloｓe caｌlｓ.Tｈe colｌaｐｓe of Continenｔａl lllinｏｉs Baｎk & Truｓｔed Ｃomｐａny ｏf Ｃｈicago in 1984 dｉd ｎoｔbringｄｏwn the banking ｓｙｓtｅm，bｕt ｉｔcertａiｎly rattled some ｗindoｗｓ.In tｈe lａte1９70ｓ,Contiｎｅnｔaｌsoared tｏａｌeadership ｐosｉtion ａmon ｇＭidwｅstern banks．Parts of itｓｇroｗth stｒaｔegy were rｉsky,howｅｖer.It mad ｅmanyｌｏａnｓiｎｔhe energy ｆield,including bｉllioｎｔhat it took ｏvｅｒfrｏm PｅｎｎSquarｅBaｎd ｏf Oklahｏma City.To obｔaｉn the ｆundｓｉｔｎeeｄed ｔo makｅthesｅloans,Continental reｌieｄhｅavily oｎshort tｅrmｂorrowing froｍoｔｈer bａｎks and ｌarge,３0ｄay ｃｅrtificates ofｄeｐosit-"ｈot ｍoneｙ",in bankinｇjａrgon.At least ｏne Cｏｎｔineｎtaｌoffｉcer sａw danｇer ｓｉgns and wrｏte a warninｇmeｍｏｔｏｈer superiorｓ，but the mｅmｏwent ｕnhｅede ｄ.Althougｈｔhe Coｍｐtroller of theＣurｒeｎcy ｉｎｓpecteｄCｏｎｔｉｎentａl ｏn a rｅguｌａr ｂａsis,it ｆaｉleｄtｏseｅlｏw sｅriｏｕs its pｒoｂｌeｍｓwerｅgoing ｔo be.Pｅｎn Squａｒe Banｋwａs ｃlosed ｂyｒeｇuｌaｔorｓｉn Jｕlｙ1982.Ｗhen enｅrｇy prices begａn to ｓｌip，most oｆthe bｉｌlｉon ｉn loans thａt Ｃontinental haｄtaｋen over fｒom theｓmallｅr baｎkｓturnｅd ouｔto beｈad.Ｏｔher loans ｔo tｒoubled comｐanｉes sucｈＣhrysｌer,lnｔernａtｉoｎal Harvｅsｔｅr,ａnd Ｂranifｆｌooked questionaｂle.Seeiｎg theｓｅｐrobｌem，＂hoｔmoneｙ"ownｅrs begaｎto ｐull their funｄs oｕt of Cｏntinental.By the ｓpｒinｇoｆ1984,a run on Ｃoｎtiｎｅnｔalｈａｄｂegｕn.Ｉn Maｙ，t ｈe bank had tｏborrow .5 bｉlliｏｎfrｏm the Feｄtｏreｐlａce overniｇht funｄs iｔｂａd loｓt.Buｔthis wａｓnｏt enoｕgｈ.Ｔoｔry to sｔem the oｕtｆlow ｏｆdeposits frｏm Continemtal,thｅFDIＣagreｅd tｏｇuａraｎtee not jｕsｔthｅfirｓt ,0０0 of each dｅpｏｓitor s moneｙbｕｔall oｆit.Ｎevertheｌess,theｒuｎｃonｔinueｄ.Feｄerａｌregulators ｔrｉed hard tｏｆｉｎd a soｕnd bank that could taｋｅoｖer Conｔiｎenｔal－ａｃommon waｙof rｅscuｉng fａilinｇbａｎkｓ.But Continentaｌwａsｊusｔtoo big for anｙｏｎe to buy．By July,aｌｌhｏpe of a privａte ｓeｃtor ｒｅｓcuｅｗasｄasｈｅｄ.Regulatoｒs facｅｄa stark ｃhoｉce:Lｅt Ｃoｎtiｎｅntal ｃollaｐse,or tａke iｔovｅr tｈｅmselveｓ．Leｔｔing the bａnk fail sｅｅmed too risｋｙ.Iｔwaｓesｔimated that more thａn 100 other banｋｓhad placeｄenｏｕｇh funds ｉnＣontinenｔal tｏｐut thｅm at risk iｆＣontineｎtal ｆaiｌｅｄ．Thus，on a ｒａiｎy Thuｒsｄａyａt tｈｅｅｎdｏｆJu ｌｙ,tｈe FＤIC in efｆeｃｔnationalizedＣontinentａｌIllinois at a cost of .5 biｌlion.Ｔhis kept tｈｅｂankｓdoors opｅn and prevenｔeｄa chain rｅactiｏｎ.Howevｅｒ,in all but a teｃhnｉcal sense,Continｅntal ｈaｄｂecｏme the bｉｇgesｔbanｋfaｉlure ｉn Ｕ.S.hiｓtorｙ.31.In thｅspｒiｎg of 1９8４,Cｏｎtiｎｅｎtal experｉenｃed--－－--.A a ｆast growｔh periｏd.B a ｓtａbiｌiｔy ｐｅrｉｏdC a run. Dａｎoil pｒｉce dｅｃrｅase.32．By Julｙ,alｌhopｅof ａprｉｖate ｓectoｒｒｅsｃuｅwaｓ------．Aｄｅstroyed. B aｂsｕｒｄＣdeｓpeｒate. D daｍaged.33．The nａtｉonalizａtin ofＣoｎtiｎentaｌ------.Ａsavｅd itB mａde＂hｏt mｏney"ownersｃontｉnue to ｐｕll thｅiｒfｕnds out ｏf Cｏｎtinenｔal．C almｏst bｒｏught dｏｗn the bａnking systemDｆirｅd many high rａnking offｉcｅrs.3４.Bａｎking paｎｉcｓmａy bｅprevented bｙmeaｎs of--－－--.Aｄeposit ｉnｓuｒance.ＢｇｒowtｈstrategyC loｎｇtｅrｍborrowing．Ｄwarｎing meｍo.Ｑuestions 3５ｔo 38 aｒｅbased oｎｔhe fｏlloｗinｇpassaｇe：Ｉｆsｕstainable compeｔiｔive adｖａntaｇe ｄeｐends ｏn woｒk force skills，Amｅricaｎｆiｒｍｓhave a ｐroblem.Human resouｒce manａｇｅmｅｎｔis notｔradiｔionaｌlｙseeｎasｃｅntｒaｌtｏthe compeｔitiveｓｕrvivalｏf ｔhe firm in the UnitedＳtａtes.Skilｌaｃquisiｔion ｉｓｃonsidered as an inｄiｖｉdual ｒeｓｐｏｎsibiｌity.Lａbｏr ｉs simply anoｔhｅr facｔor of pｒｏducｔion tｏbe hｉred－rentｅｄat the lowest possible cost-much as oｎｅbuys raw ｍaｔeｒials ｏrｅq ｕｉpment．The lacｋof ｉmportanｃe ａttaｃhｅd to ｈumaｎresoｕｒｃe maｎaｇement can ｂe seeｎin ｔｈｅcorporaｔion hieraｒchy.Ｉn an Ａmerｉcan ｆｉrｍｔｈｅｃhief fi ｎａncial offiｃeｒis alｍｏst alwaysｓｅcｏｎd iｎcommａnｄ.Tｈe poｓt of head of hｕmａn rｅｓouｒce ｍanaｇemenｔｓｉs usuaｌly a ｓｐecｉalizｅd ｊｏb,oｆf at ｔhｅｅdge oｆthe coｒｐoratｅｈieｒａｒchｙ．The ｅxecutive who holｄs it is ｎever ｃｏnｓulted on ｍajor sｔrateｇiｃdecisiｏns ａｎd has ｎｏｃhaｎcｅto mｏｖe up to Ｃhief ExeｃutivｅOffｉｃｅr(CEO).Bｙｗay of contｒast,in Jａpan ｔｈｅhead ofｈumaｎｒesｏｕrce ｍａnagemeｎｔis cｅntral-usuallｙthe secoｎｄmｏst imｐｏrtａnｔｅｘecutivｅ,ａfｔer the CＥO,iｎthe firm s ｈiｅrａrchy.Ｗhile Amｅrｉcan firmｓｏｆten talk abouｔtｈｅｖast amoｕｎts spenｔon trai ｎｉnｇｔheir ｗｏrk forcｅｓ,in faｃｔtｈey invest lｅｓs in ｔhe sｋill of their em ｐloｙｅｅs tｈan ｄo tｈｅJａpａneｓe oｒGeｒmａｎfiｒms.Theｍｏney they do invest is also ｍorｅhighly ｃonｃentｒatｅｄon prｏfessionａｌａnd ｍanａgerial ｅｍployeｅs.Ａnd ｔhe limiｔed investments ｔhat aｒe maｄe iｎｔraｉninｇworkｅrs aｒe alsｏｍｕch ｍoreｎaｒroｗｌy fｏcuseｄoｎｔhｅｓｐeｃiｆic skilｌｓneｃｅsｓａry ｔo ｄｏｔhe nｅxt ｊob raｔｈer tｈａｎｏn the basiｃbackｇrｏu ｎd sｋｉlls that makｅitｐｏsｓibｌｅto aｂsｏrb nｅw tecｈnoloｇｉes.Aｓaｒeｓｕlｔ,pｒｏblems emergｅｗhen new breakthroｕgh ｔechｎologｉｅs arrｉｖe.Ｉf Ameriｃan worｋeｒs,fｏr eｘamｐle,ｔake mucｈloｎgeｒto learn ｈow toｏpｅｒaｔｅnew ｆlｅｘible ｍanufacturing stａtｉoｎs thaｎwoｒkers iｎGermany（aｓthey do),tｈe effeｃtｉve cost ｏf thｏse sｔatｉonｓiｓｌower ｉn Ｇe ｒｍａnｙthan it is in the Unｉted Stated.Mｏｒe tｉｍe is rｅquired befoｒｅequipmenｔｉｓｕｐand rｕnning at capacｉtｙ,aｎd thｅｎeed ｆor ｅxtensｉve retrainiｎg geneｒatｅs coｓts ａndｃrｅates boｔtlenｅcks that limit theｓpeed witｈwhich ｎew equipmｅnｔcan be empｌoｙed.Ｔhｅｒesult iｓ a slower pａｃe of techno ｌｏgical ｃｈange．Anｄin tｈe ｅnｄthe sｋilｌs of ｔhe bottｏｍhａlfｏf the ｐopulaｔion afｆect tｈｅwages ｏｆthe top half.If the bｏttｏm half cａnｔeffeｃｔively stafｆthe proceｓｓes thaｔhaｖe to bｅｏperａted,the manａgemｅnt an ｄprｏｆessｉonal jobs ｔhat go with tｈese pｒoｃesｓes wilｌdiｓappear.３5．Ｗｈich of thｅｆollowing aｐｐｌies tｏｔhe manageｍｅnt ｏf humａｎｒｅsoｕrcｅs ｉn Amerｉcaｎcｏｍpaｎieｓ?Ａ.Thｅy ｈire pｅoｐｌｅat the lowest cost regaｒdlｅss of theｉr skｉllｓ.B.They sｅｅthe gaｉninｇof ｓkills as thｅｉr ｅmplｏyeｅs own businｅｓs.Ｃ．Ｔhey atｔacｈmorｅimportanceｔo ｗoｒｋers than tｏeｑuipment．.Ｄ．Thｅy ｏnｌy hiｒe skilled wｏrkｅrｓbeｃause of keen ｃoｍpeｔition.36．What is the position ｏf tｈe head of huｍan resoｕrce managemｅnｔiｎaｎＡmerｉcan fｉrｍ?A．Hｅiｓonｅoｆthe mosｔimｐortaｎｔexecutｉvｅｓin ｔhe fiｒm.．B.His pｏｓt ｉs liｋeｌy ｔo disapｐeａr when new technologiｅs are introｄucｅd. C．He is diｒｅctly uｎdｅr thｅchief ｆiｎaｎcial eｘecuｔive.D.He haｓnｏautｈority ｉn maｋiｎg importaｎt dｅcisions in ｔhe fｉrm．.37.The money most Amerｉcan fｉrms spenｄin ｔｒaininｇmaｉnｌｙgoes ｔo---－.Ａｗorkers who caｎoｐeratｅneｗｅquipｍeｎtB teｃｈnolｏgｉcaｌaｎｄmａｎａgerｉal staｆfCｗorkers whoｌacｋbasiｃbackgrounｄskｉllsD toｐｅxecｕtiｖes.38.Whａt is tｈｅmａｉn ｉdeaｏｆｔhｅpassagｅ?A.Ameｒiｃan fiｒms aｒe ｄiｆferent froｍＪapanesｅａｎｄGｅrmanｆirm ｓin human resoｕrceｍaｎagemenｔ．B.Exteｎsiｖｅretraining ｉｓiｎdispensablｅto eｆfective humaｎresoｕrce ma ｎａｇeｍent.C.Ｔhe heａd oｆhumａnｒesource ｍaｎagement must be iｎthｅｃｅntｒal pｏｓitiｏn in a fｉrm s hierarchy．.Ｄ.The ｈuman resｏurce maｎａｇeｍｅｎｔｓｔｒateｇieｓof Aｍeｒicanｆir ｍｓａｆfect thｅir ｃompetitive capaｃity..．Qｕestiｏns 3９to 4２arｅbaseｄon ｔhe folｌｏwiｎg passaｇe:Inｔerneｔｉs a vast netwoｒｋof comｐuteｒs that ｃonnecｔs many of ｔhｅworld s busｉｎeｓses,institｕtions,aｎd inｄｉvｉdｕals.The iｎtｅｒｎet,whｉch mean ｓｉｎｔercoｎnecｔed netwｏrｋｏf netｗorks,liｎks tｅnｓoｆthousａndｓof smallｅr coｍｐｕｔｅr nｅｔworks.These ｎetｗorｋｓｔransmitｈugeａｍｏｕnts of infｏrmation ｉn the ｆorｍof ｗｏrdｓ,images,ａnｄsounds.The Internet was iｎformatiｏｎon viｒｔually evｅry toｐiｃ．Neｔworｋuseｒs can s ｅaｒcｈthｒough sources rａnging fｒom ｖaｓt databａｓｅs to sｍall ｅlectｒｏｎiｃ"bｕlletiｎｂoards ，＂whｅｒe uｓｅｒsｆorm ｄiscusｓiｏn groｕps ａｒouｎd commo ｎｉnterestｓ.Ｍuch of tｈe Internet s traffic conｓiｓtｓof meｓsａgｅsｓeｎt ｆrom oｎe comｐuｔer useｒto anotheｒ．Thｅse mｅssａgｅs ａre ｃalｌeｄｅlectｒｏnic mａｉl or e mail．Interneｔuｓｅrs have electrｏniｃaddressｅs thatａｌlow tｈem ｔo senｄaｎd recｅｉve e mａｉｌ.Ｏthｅｒｕｓes ｏf ｔｈe nｅｔwork ｉｎclud ｅobtａiniｎg news,ｊoｉnｉng eleｃtronicｄｅｂates,aｎd pｌａｙiｎg electroniｃgames．Oｎe feature ｏf the Interneｔ，kｎｏwｎaｓthe World Ｗide Web，proviｄes gra ｐhicｓ,aｕdio,and ｖideo ｔｏenhanceｔhe infｏrmａtｉon iｎｉtsｄｏcuｍｅｎtｓ.Ｔｈeｓｅdｏcｕｍenｔs coveｒ a vaｓt number of tｏpiｃｓ.Pｅople usｕａｌly ａcｃｅｓs the Iｎtｅrneｔｗitｈ a ｄeｖiｃe called a modem.Moｄeｍs ｃonneｃt computｅrｓto thｅnｅtworｋthroｕgｈｔeｌephoｎe lin ｅs．Much of the Interｎet oｐｅｒａtes through ｗorlｄwidｅteleｐhone netwoｒｋｓof ｆｉber optiｃｃａbles.Ｔheseｃabｌes cｏntain hair thin strａｎｄs oｆglａssｔhａt carrｙdaｔa as pulses ｏｆlｉｇｈt.Thｅy can traｎsmｉt ｔhousaｎds of times more dａta thａn lｏｃａl ｐhｏｎe lｉnes，mｏst of ｗｈicｈconsist of copｐeｒｗires．Tｈｅｈistory ｏf ｔhｅIntｅｒｎeｔbeｇan inｔｈe 196０s.At thaｔtime，t ｈe Aｄｖanced RｅsearcｈProｊectｓＡgenｃｙ（ＡRPA)oｆthe Ｕnited Ｓｔａｔes Dｅpartmｅｎｔof Deｆｅnse deｖelopeｄa networｋoｆcomｐｕｔers caｌl ｅｄARPAｎet.Ｏrｉｇｉnallｙ,ARＰAｎｅｔconｎectｅd onｌｙmiliｔarｙａｎd goｖeｒｎmｅnt coｍpuｔer sysｔemｓ.Ｉtｓpuｒpose ｗａs ｔｏｍaｋｅｔhesｅsystems securｅin tｈe evenｔoｆａdisａsteｒorｗａs.Sooｎaftｅr the crｅation of AＲPAnet,uniｖerｓities andｏtheｒinｓtiｔutｉons deveｌoped tｈｅir own compｕte ｒneｔworks．Tｈｅｓe networks ｅｖｅntuaｌｌy were mergeｄwith ARPAneｔto for ｍthe Ｉnternet．By thｅ１990s,anｙone ｗith a compｕｔeｒ,ｍodem，aｎd Inｔerne ｔsoｆtwａre couｌｄlｉnk up tｏtｈe Internet.Iｎthe ｆuturｅ,the Ｉｎternet will pｒobably gｒow moreｓoｐｈisticａtｅd as comｐutｅr ｔechnoｌogy becomｅｓmoｒe poｗｅrｆul.Ｍａny experｔs beｌiｅｖe tｈｅＩｎteｒnｅｔmayｂecｏme pａrt ｏf ａlargeｒｎｅtwｏrk ｃalled ｔhe inｆormａti ｏn superhiｇhｗay．This networｋ,ｓｔｉｌl ｕｎder devｅlopmenｔ，ｗoulｄlink compｕters wiｔh ｔｅlｅphone compａnieｓ,ｃablｅtelｅｖiｓioｎｓtａtｉons,ａnd other commuｎicａtioｎｓｙsｔｅms.Peoplｅcouｌd bａｎk,ｓhｏp,ｗatchＴV,and pｅrｆorm mａnｙｏtheｒactｉｖiｔieｓthroｕgh the netｗork.39.Tｈis ｐａsｓａｇe iｓabout thｅ－－－---ｏｆｔhe Inteｒnet．A fuｔure．B geneｒal iｎtrodｕctionCｕsｅ.Dｈiｓtoｒｙ.40.Which of the fｏllowｉng statｅｍentｓａbout tｈe Internet is tｒuｅ?A.ARPA wａｓｔhe first net useｄby Aｍeriｃan unｉvｅｒｓitiｅs ａnd ｉnｓt ｉtutions.B．Ｔｈe histoｒy oｆthe Inteｒneｔcaｎbｅtraｃedｂａｃk tｏfifty years aｇｏ.C．The purpｏｓｅofｔhe Interneｔis to protect tｈｅｗoｒｌd iｎthe evｅnt ｏｆｗar.D.AＲPAｎet foｒｍed ｔhe ｆoｕndation ｏf tｈe Internet nｏwaｄayｓ...41.The Ｉｎterｎｅｔeｎａbleｓｐeｏpｌe to ｄo ａll the folｌｏｗinｇthings EＸＣEＰT－--－．A sｅnｄingｅｍail.Ｂobtaining ｎewsＣexｃｈanｇiｎg moｄeｍ.D internet reｌated chat（IRC).42.Accｏrding to ｔｈe ｌast parａｇraｐh,iｎtｈe fｕtｕre－－－---．A.ｉn ｍａy bｅｈarｄtｏｐrｅｄict the developｍｅnt of ｔhe Interneｔ．B.ｔhe Iｎternet will ｂecoｍe aｎindisｐeｎsablｅsuperhighｗａｙ.C.the Inteｒneｔwill be aｐpliｅｄmorｅ.D.thｅInternｅt wilｌcombｉne caｂle sｔatｉons．Questｉｏns 43 to46arｅbaｓｅｄoｎthe followiｎg passage:Sｅx prejudiｃｅs areｂaｓed oｎand ｊｕstifieｄbｙtheｉdeoｌogy that biology i ｓdesｔiｎｙ.Aｃcording to ｔhiｓideｏlｏgy,ｂasic bｉological ａnd psychological dｉfferenceｓexｉst bｅｔweｅn the sexｅs.Ｔhese diffeｒencesｒｅｑuirｅeacｈｓex tｏｐｌay a sepａrａte role in ｓocial ｌｉｆe.Women ａre the weaｋer sexbotｈphｙsiｃalｌy aｎd eｍotｉonally.Thus,they ａre naturalｌｙｓuｉted,mｕｃh mｏｒe ｓｏthanｍen,to the performａｎceｏf ｄomｅstic dｕｔieｓ.A woman s placｅ,undeｒnoｒmal ciｒcumstanceｓ，is withｉn thｅprotｅctiｖｅenｖirｏnｍent ofｔｈe home.Na ｔure haｓdｅｔermineｄthaｔwomeｎplaｙcａretａkｅr rｏleｓ,ｓuch as ｗifｅa ｎd motherａnｄhomｅｍａker．On the otｈｅr hand,mｅn are bｅst suiteｄｔo ｇo ｏuｔsｉnｔosthe competitive worｌd oｆwork anｄｐolｉticｓ，wheｒe seriousｒesponsibilitiｅs mｕst bｅｔaｋｅn on.Men ａｒeｔo be thｅproviderｓ;woｍen aｎd chilｄren aｒｅ"dependents．"Thｅiｄｅｏｌoｇy ａlｓｏhoｌｄs tｈaｔwomen ｗｈｏwｉsh to work ouｔsｉde the houｓeholｄshｏulｄnaｔｕｒaｌly fｉll tｈese jobs ｔhat are in ｌinｅwith ｔｈｅspecｉal capabilｉtieｓof theiｒｓｅｘ.It is thｕs apｐｒoprｉaｔe for ｗｏmen,ｎot ｍeｎ,to bｅemployed aｓnｕrses，social ｗorkｅｒs,elementaｒｙsｃｈｏoｌｔeache ｒｓ,hoｕsehold heｌperｓ,and cｌeｒks and secreｔarieｓ.Ｔｈｅｓe posｉtions are simｐly an exｔｅｎsion of wｏmeｎs domeｓtｉc rｏle．Inforｍalｄisｔiｎctions bｅｔｗeen"women s ｗork"ａnd"ｍｅn s work"ｉｎth ｅlabor fｏｒce,accordｉng tｏｔhｅideoｌoｇy，are simｐly a functional rｅfｌectｉon of tｈe basic differｅnces betweeｎｔhe ｓeｘes.http:／/Ｆinalｌｙ，tｈe iｄeologｙsuggｅｓts ｔｈａt nature hａs woｒｋed her wｉll in another siｇnｉficant way.For the human sｐｅcｉes to survivｅover tｉme,itｓｍem ｂeｒs ｍusｔrｅgulａrｌy reprｏduce．Thuｓ,ｗomen mｕst,ｗｈｅtｈer at ｈomｅoｒin ｔhｅｌａbｏｒｆｏrce,make tｈe mosｔoｆｔhｅir phｙsｉcal aｐpearａnｃｅ.Ｓo goeｓthe ｉｄｅoｌogｙ.Ｉｔis,ｏf ｃoｕrsｅ,ｎot true that basiｃbｉoｌｏｇicａl andｐsycholoｇｉcal ｄｉfｆereｎces betweｅn ｔｈe sexeｓrequire each to play sｅｘdeｆined rolesｉｎsocｉａl life.Thｅre iｓamｐｌe evidenｃe that seｘroleｓvary fｒom sｏｃietｙtｏｓoｃiety，ａnd thｏse rｏle difｆerencｅs tｈａt to exist are laｒgely lｅaｒneｄ.Bｕt to ｔhe deｇreｅｐeople aｃtualｌy bｅliｅvｅtｈat ｂiology isｄeｓtinｙand thaｔｎatuｒeｉntendｅd for ｍen and women to make differeｎtｃoｎtributions to socｉｅty,sｅｘｄefined rolｅｓｗｉｌｌｂe seenａｓtｏtally aｃcepｔａｂｌｅ．43．Women s place,ｓome peｏｐle thiｎk,iｓwitｈｉn the pｒotecｔive ｅnvir ｏｎmeｎt of ｔhｅhomｅbecause------.A.womeｎｃan provｉｄe ｂettｅr caｒe for ｔhｅchiｌdrｅn.Ｂ.womeｎarｅtoｏwｅak ｔｏdo aｎy ａgriｃulturaｌｗoｒｋaｔall.Ｃ.wｏｍｅn ａrｅbiologically ｓuited ｔo domestｉc ｊoｂs.D.woｍen can not coｍｐete with men iｎany field．44.Ａccoｒding ｔo thｅauthor,ｓｅｘｒｏleｓ－-----.Ａａre ｓocｉally detｅｒmiｎedＢ.are emotionaｌｌy and phyｓicａlly dｅtｅrmiｎed.Ｃ.can only be determｉｎed by whａt educaｔiｏn peｏplｅtake.D.ａre biologicaｌｌy ａｎd psycｈｏlｏgｉcally determinｅd.４5.Ｔhe autｈor points out ｔhat the assigｎmentsｏｆwoｍen s rｏles iｎw ｏrk------.A.are detｅrmｉneｄbｙwｈａt tｈｅy are bettｅr suited to.B.grow oｕｔof their poｓｉｔｉonｉｎside thｅhome．C．reflｅct a basｉｃdｉfｆeｒｅnｃe ｂeｔween men and ｗomｅｎ.D.are ｓuitablｅto ｔｈem,buｔnｏt ｔo ｍen．46．Which ofｔｈｅfolloｗingｉs ＮOＴtruｅaccoｒdｉｎｇｔo the ｐａssaｇe?A．The division of ｓex defineｄroles ｉs complｅtｅly unaccｅｐtabｌe.．B.Ｗomeｎs rｏles ｉｎwork are tｏo limitｅd at ｐresent..C．In one societｙ,mｅn ｍight perｆoｒm whaｔis cｏｎsiｄｅred women s dut ｉes by aｎｏｔheｒ.D.Ｓomｅof the ｗomｅnｓrolｅs iｎdoｍesｔic ｄuｔｉes can not be tａｋen over ｂｙmeｎ．Questｉons ４7 to ５0 are based on ｔhe foｌlｏｗｉng passage：Iｎ a sｅｎse，the new prｏtecｔioniｓmｉs ｎot pｒoteｃｔionｉsm ａt alｌ,at ｌeasｔnｏt in thｅｔraｄitionａl sｅnｓe of the ｔeｒm.Ｔｈｅoｌd protｅctionｉs ｍreferreｄｏｎｌy toｔｒａdeｒｅstriｃting and ｔrade exｐanｄing devices,ｓu ｃh as ｔhｅtaｒｉｆf or export ｓubsiｄy.Ｔheｎeｗprotecｔｉｏniｓｍiｓmｕcｈbｒoaｄｅr thａnｔhiｓ;iｔｉncｌudesｉntｅｒvｅntioｎｓsintoｓforeign ｔｒade ｂut is nｏt limｉteｄｔo them.Ｔhe nｅw proteｃtionｉsm,in faｃt,refers tｏhow thｅwhole of governｍeｎt interventiｏnｓintosthe prｉｖａｔe ecoｎomy ａｆｆecｔs internati ｏnａl tｒａde．Thｅｅmphasiｓon trａde is stilｌtｈｅre，ｔhus cａme thｅte ｒｍ"proｔectioｎ."Bｕt whａｔｉｓnew is thｅreａlizatｉon ｔhat viｒｔuaｌｌｙａｌｌgｏvernment activitiｅsｃan ａffect internatｉonaｌeconoｍic ｒｅｌａｔioｎs.Ｔhｅemergenceｏｆthe nｅw proｔｅcｔionｉsm in thｅWestern worｌdｒefl ｅctｓtｈｅvｉｃtory ｏf tｈe ｉnterventioｎｉsｔ，or wｅlfａre ecｏnomy ovｅｒtｈe ｍarkｅt eｃｏnomy.Jａb Tuｍilｅr writes,"The ｏld protｅcｔionism…cｏexisteｄ,witho ｕt any apparent iｎｔｅlｌectual difficuｌｔy with tｈe acｃｅptanｃe of thｅmarket as a n ａtional as well asａn intｅrｎational econｏmｉc dｉsｔriｂutiｏn meｃhaniｓm-ｉｎｄeｅd,proｔｅctiｏnists as weｌl as(if noｔmｏre than)frｅe traders sｔood fｏr ｌaissez fａire(放任政策）.Ｎow，ａs iｎｔｈe 1930s,ｐrotecｔioniｓｍｉs an exp ｒｅssioｎｏf a pｒofoｕnd skepticisｍas to the ａbｉlｉtｙoｆthe ｍarkeｔto disｔriｂｕte rｅsｏurｃeｓand incomes ｔｏsocieties saｔisｆａction.＂Itｉs precｉsｅｌｙｔhis profｏunｄskepticiｓm oｆｔhe mａrket eｃonomｙtｈaｔｉs ｒｅsponsiblｅfor the ｐroｔectｉoｎism.In a market eｃｏnomy，ecoｎoｍｉc chanｇe of varｉouｓcolｏrs implies redistribuｔｉon of rｅsourceｓand inｃoｍｅs．Thｅsame oｐiｎiｏnｉn maｎy ｃommuｎｉtieｓappareｎtly is thａt such reｄistｒiｂutions often aｒe noｔproｐer.There fore,ｔhe goｖernment iｎtｅｒvenes(干涉；干预)ｔｏｂｒing aｂoｕt ａmｏre deｓiｒｅd result.Ｔhe vｉctory oｆthe welfare stａｔe is almost coｍpｌｅte in nortｈern Euｒｏpe.In Ｓweden ,Ｎorway,Finlａnd,Dｅnmａrk,ａnd thｅNethｅrlands,ｇｏvernｍent iｎtervenｔion iｎaｌmｏst alｌaspects of econoｍiｃａndｓｏciaｌｌife is ｃoｎｓiｄeｒed ｎorｍal.In GreａｔＢrｉtaｉｎthis is onｌy soｍｅwhａt lessｔrｕe.Gｏvernment traｄｉtｉonallｙhａs pｌａｙed a ｖｅry actiｖe rｏleｉｎecｏnomic life ｉn Fｒａncｅand coｎtinｕｅd tｏｄo so.Ｏｎly West Ｇermany dares ｔｏgｏaｇａinsｔｔhe tide ｔｏwards eｘcessｉｖe iｎtｅrveｎｔioniｓm in Western Europe.Iｔalsｏhaｐpens tｏbｅｔhe ｍost sｕｃcesｓfｕl Wｅstern Ｅurｏｐean ecoｎomｙ.Ｔhｅwｅlfarｅｓtate has madｅsｉgnｉficanｔｐroｇreｓs in tｈｅUnitedＳtateｓas welｌａs in WｅsteｒｎEｕrｏｐe.Soｃial sｅcｕｒity,uｎemployｍent ｉnsura ｎｃe，miｎｉmum wａｇe laws,and reｎｔｃoｎｔroｌarｅby now traditiｏnal wｅlf ａre stａｔe ｅlements on tｈe Ａmerｉcａn scene.47.This pａsｓａge ｉs ｐｒｉmarily ｃoｎceｒｎed ｗｉth dｉscｕssing-----－.A.thｅｄefinitｉonｏf the ｎew proｔectｉoｎism.B.the ｄifferenｃe betｗeenｎｅw andｏlｄｐｒotｅｃtioniｓm.Ｃ.tｈe eｍerｇence of ｔhe ｎｅw prｏｔｅctionｉｓm in tｈe Wｅsterｎworld.D．tｈe sｉgniｆｉcancｅof the welfare state．48.Which of the following staｔeｍents is NOT a ｃｈaracterisｔｉc of a welｆarｅstatｅmenｔiｏnｅdｉn thｉs paｓsagｅ?AＦree eｄucatiｏn is avaiｌabｌe to ａｃhild．B Laws aｒeｍade to fix ｔhe minimｕm wage．ＣＡjobleｓs ｐｅrsoｎcaｎbe insurｅd.ＤＴherｅare regulations for ｒent.49.Which of the foｌlowing inferences ｉsｔrue,according to tｈis ｐaｓsage?A.The eｃｏnｏｍyｄevelopｅdｆastｅr in welfaｒe ｓtaｔｅｓｔhan in ｎoｎwelfare ｓｔａteｓ.B.In the19３0ｓ，ｐroｔecｔionｉｓm ｂｅganｔo risｅ.C.Tｈe nｅw proｔeｃｔionisｍis so ｃallｅd mainly becaｕse it iｓthe latest.D.Ｇｏvｅｒｎｍｅnｔｐlayｓ a more ａｃtｉveｒole in ｅcｏnoｍic ｌife in NortheｒｎEｕrｏpe thaｎｉｎGreａｔBritaiｎ.．.50．Ｔhe paｓsagｅｓuｐplｉesｉnfoｒmatｉon for answｅring wｈicｈoｆt ｈeｆolｌｏwinｇqｕｅstiｏns?ＡWhｅn did ｔhe nｅｗprｏｔectiｏnｉｓm ａrise?Ｂ.Whyｉs theｎew ｐｒｏｔeｃtionｉsm sｏｐopulaｒin northｅｒn Eｕrｏpean countries?.C．Does the Ameriｃan governｍent plａy a morｅaｃtive role in eｃｏｎomiｃliｆe tｈan tｈe Britiｓh gｏｖernmenｔ?．D.Why doｅs ｔhe govｅｒnｍenｔintervene ｉn ｅｃonｏmiｃlife?．Ｓectiｏn BDirections:.Rｅaｄthe followｉng passaｇｅcarefuｌly ａｎd then give short ａnswer ｓto the fｉve ｑuｅstｉons.Wrｉte youｒanswｅrs on thｅAｎsｗｅr Sheeｔ.．Ｉn a teleｖision ｉｎｔerｖiew,Mr．ＤanｉｅｌBrｕmmaｇｅ,Presiｄent of ｔｈe Internａtｉonal OlymｐicｓCｏmmｉtteｅ，is defeｎdiｎg hｉｓCｏmmittｅｅs ｄecisioｎｔｏhoｌd ｔhｅGaｍes ａgａｉｎiｎfｏur yeaｒs tｉmｅ.Eveｒsiｎce tｈe modern Ｏlympic Gameｓｂegan iｎ18９6,theｙvｅhad thｅir cｒitｉｃs.Eveｒｙform of comｐetitｉve aｃtiviｔy ａttrａｃｔs ｔroublｅ．Bｕt part ｏf the aiｍof ｔhe Gamｅs,wｈｅn theｙwｅrｅｆirst helｄin ancienｔGreece,ｗａｓｔo dｉscourage war ｂetween ｓtates by enｇagｉnｇｔｈem in ａfｒｉenｄli ｅr kiｎd of cｏｍｂａt.My Comｍittee and Ｉintend to seｅthat thｅｙgo on ｄｏing ｔhis．Ｔhｅｓｐiｒｉｔoｆcoｍpetition in tｈe Gaｍｅｓuseｓup aｌoｔｏf eｎｅrgy that cｏulｄbe more harmfｕｌly empｌoyed.Iｎｍy oｐiｎioｎ,it does a lot ofｇood，gｅtting ｐｅoｐle to fｏrｇeｔthｅiｒdiｆfeｒencｅs in a commuｎaｌactｉvity．Anｙcomｐｅtitor oｒspｅｃtator at tｈe Gａmｅｓｏｒｉn ｔｈe Oｌympic Vｉllaｇe ｗｉll tell yｏu thaｔtｈe ａｔmosphere ｏf fｒiendsｈip thｅrｅis unｆorgｅttablｅ:as ｉf ｔｈe world ｗｅre ｏnｅbig ｆamily.And the ｈｏsｔilitiesｔhat ｔhe ｐｒeｓs aｌwaｙs ｌiｋes tｏexaｇgeraｔe,only eｘisｔiｎａfew quａｒtｅrs．Wｈａt we sｕｆfer ｆrｏｍｉs bａd pubｌｉｃity,ｎｏt haｄsporｔsmanship.These Gameｓarｅthe bｉｇgeｓｔinternatiｏnal gａｔhering of ａnｙｋｉnd in the woｒlｄ.Ｎｏｔonｌｙdo they bｒinｇspoｒtsmｅｎtoｇether,ｂut ｔｈey uｎite ａwｏrlｄpｕblｉc．Ｉsn´tｔｈis a suffｉcient reaｓonｆoｒcontinuｉnｇthen?Of ｃｏuｒsｅ，a few ｐeoｐｌe arｅgoinｇto useｔｈeｍas ａn ｏcｃasｉon foｒpropａｇａnda（宣传)，but tｈis iｓｎo reasoｎwｈy ｔｈe Games shoｕld be cancel ｅd.Wｈｙｓhoｕld evｅry hａrｍless activiｔｙｂｅspoilｅd for tｈｅmajority bｙｔhe ｍｉnoｒitｙ?Ｎo!Aｓｌoｎg ａs thｅｍａjoｒity ｗanｔs iｔ,ｔｈese Gaｍeｓｗｉll cｏntiｎue．Ｔhis is spoｒt,siｒ,nｏt pｏlitics,anｄI inteｎｄtｈat ｉt shoulｄremaｉn so.5１．Ｉs thaｔrｉght tｈat all ｔｈe peｏple ｉｎｔｈe worｌｄaｇree tｏhoｌd the Ｏｌympic Gａmes?．52Wheｎdid the moderｎOlｙｍpiｃGaｍes begｉｎ?53.Whaｔis tｈe pｕrposｅｏf the OlyｍｐiｃCoｍmitｔee tｏholｄthe Games?54.Ｗhat does Mr.DａｎｉeｌBｒummage ｃriticｉze in ｈisｓｐeｅch ａnd Why？．５５Wｉｌｌthe Ｇaｍes contｉｎuｅ?Wｈｙ?PARTⅣTｒanslation （１5%)Directｉons:.Ｉnｔｈｉs pａｒt theｒe is ａpaｓsage in Englｉsh．Ｔｒａnslate the ｆive sｅｎtｅnces undeｒlinedsiｎｔosChｉnese and wriｔeｙour tｒanslａtioｎon the An ｓｗer Sheet ..(56)The types of dayｄｒｅａms,ｗhethｅｒthｅy are ｐleａｓaｎｔａnd hopefuｌor filleｄwith ｄespａir takｅshape in ｃhiｌdhooｄwheｎｅveryone deｖｅlｏｐs ｏｎｅoｆtｈree basic daｙｄｒeaming styles:poｓｉtive negativｅanｄｓｃatｔered American Hｅａｌth rｅports.Aｌthoｕｇh everyｏne lapses oｃcａsｉoｎaｌlysintoseach ｏf these types,ｐｏsitive ｄaｙｄｒeamerｓarｅmore likeｌy to iｍaｇｉne happｙ,plａyful oｒenｔｅrtaiｎiｎg of thesｅtｙpes, positivｅｄａｙdreａｍｅｒs ａｒe mｏrｅliｋely to imaｇine haｐpｙ,ｐlayfｕｌｏｒenｔｅrtainiｎg sｃｅnarｉos.(57)Nｅgaｔivｅｄａydreamerｓｔend ｔo dwelｌｏn lｉｆe s daｒkｅr sｉde.ｉmaｇininｇdangｅrous and/ｏr lifｅtｈreaｔenｉｎg siｔuatiｏns，such aｓｔhe apｐeaｒance of afaｔａl ｏr weakｅnｉng diｓｅase oｒbecominｇａvicｔim ｏf violence．Sｃａｔｔered ｄay dｒeamers arｅｅａsｉly bｏred and distraｃｔed．"Their ｍental imagｅs tend to be ｆleｅtinｇ,rｅpetitｉvｅand shａllow，liｋｅｖariａｔｉonｓon the same fairy tales,＂explains Ｙaｌe psychｏlogiｓt RonｉＴower.(5８)Whｉle all ｔhreｅｔｙpes ａrｅcomｍon,pｏsｉtive iｍaginaｔionｓａre lｉkeliest to sｅrｖｅas sprｉngboaｒds(跳板)ｆｏr prｏbｌｅm ｓoｌving,while neｇatiｖe aｎｄｓcatｔeｒｅdｄａyｄreams maｙｌeａｖｅ a perｓｏｎfeeling ａnｘious．Ｎｅgaｔｉvｅdayｄｒeamｅｒs ａrｅｗaiｔing fｏｒtｈe otheｒshoe＂to ｆall．"Their imａgｉnaｔｉons are ｏfｔｅn guiltｒiddeｎｏr obsessiｖｅ．Therｅare tiｍes ｗhen ｄriｆtinｇaway can cａuse problems,accoｒｄing to Blodiｎ."Ｉf daｙdreａｍiｎg gets iｎtｈe way of ｄaily ｆunｃtｉon bｅcause tｈeｐeｒso ｎis ｄoing it all dａy,thｅｐｅrson woｎｔｂｅverｙprodｕｃtiｖe,＂ｓhe say ｓ.＂The amounｔof ｔime and tｈe frｅquencｙthat ａpｅｒｓｏn daydreａｍｓｉs whａt s importａnt.It shｏuld not takｅup ａｌlｏf ｙｏur ｔiｍｅ．（59)If pｅｏpleｆind tｈeiｒｄａｙdrｅaｍiｎg is ｂecｏmiｎgｅxcｅssiｖe（过多的),they shｏu ｌd take a ｒealｉsｔiｃloｏk ａｔｗｈat s goinｇon iｎｔhｅir lｉfｅanｄａｓk thｅmselvesｗhａt thｅy are tｒyiｎg to avoid.Ｔheｎthey caｎassess what stｅps thｅｙneed to take ｔo corｒeｃt ｔhe sｉtｕａtion."(Ａnyoｎｅwhｏhａｓa harｄtime ｄiscrimｉnａtｉnｇbetween reａlity and imａgｉnaｔion ｏr staｒts repｌａｃinｇrealｌｉfe ｆamｉly and frｉends with imagined ｐeople sｈoｕｌｄｓeek pｒofeｓsional hｅｌp．）http:／/(60)PrｏｆｅｓsorＳinger sｕms ｕp tｈｅａdvantages of daydｒｅams tｏｔhe ave ｒagｅperson:"byｓｉtting quｉetlyａｎｄlettinｇｙoｕr daydrｅams eｍｅrge ｉnsteａd of squｅｌｃhing（抑制)them，you may fiｎd tｈere are parts ｏf yｏurｓeｌf you haｖｅn t beeｎliｓtenｉng to.Ｉnsteaｄof feaｒing them，ｙouｌl gaｉｎａccess tｏtrｅmendous rangeｏfｉｎteresｔing,creａtｉve idｅas．＂PＡＲTⅤWｒiting （15%)Directiｏns:.Write a ｃompoｓition accｏrｄinｇto thｅiｎｆoｒmation given ｉn t ｈe follｏｗinｇoutliｎe in Chｉnesｅ.Ｙour cｏmｐｏｓition should be ａbout120 woｒdｓ.Ｒemｅmber tｏwｒitｅcｌearlｙ.You shｏｕlｄｗｒｉte tｈｉs compositiｏn ｏn thｅAnswer Sheet..网络经济的新启示(new revelations)1网络经济被誉为新经济的代表。