Part 1 非谓语动词全貌学习目标1. 能够识别非谓语动词的三种基本形式 to do，doing，done；2. 能够找到句子的谓语和非谓语。
知识精华先来看一句中文（改编自2019 年全国卷2）：正在被昆虫咬的枫树会释放一种特殊气味来警告其它枫树。
这句话的动词有：被咬，释放，警告。
英文译为M aple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell to warn other maple trees.谓语动词：send out；非谓语动词：getting bitten, to warm我们知道，英语句子（主句或从句）只有一套主谓结构（一主一谓）。
如果出现其它动词，则不能再充当句子谓语，称之为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的基本形式：不定式t o do；动名词/现在分词doing；过去分词done。
谓语是完整的时态结构。
句子谓语个数=连接词个数+1.例如A nimation has always been a popular industry in Japan.连接词个数：0 个句子谓语个数1 个：has been。
【2019 年全国卷1】 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.连接词个数：2 个谓语个数为3个: had told; would be spending; would have laughed强化练习找出下列句子的谓语动词：【2019 年全国卷2】The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.A. has permittedB. to useC. to makeD. to fly答案：A这句话有几个谓语动词？【2019 年全国卷1】Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help withtheir children, she politely refused.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4答案：B非谓语动词不能充当句子谓语。
非谓语动词可以充当句子的其它成分：主语、表语、宾语、补语、状语、定语。
区别下列句子中非谓语动词（短语）的成分：例如：Smoking is prohibited here.（主语）The government permitted the company to use special materials.（补语）The words used in the book are from poems.（定语）T o improve my English, I worked very hard.（状语）He promised not to tell anyone about it.(宾语)His hobby is collecting stamps.(表语)强化练习下列句子共有几个非谓语动词？1. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.答案：1 个2. 【2019 年全国卷2】Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed itsfirst flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.答案：4 个Part 2 分词的含义与用法学习目标记住现在分词d oing 和过去分词d one 的含义。
知识精华分词分为现在分词d oing 和过去分词d one。
在句中起修饰作用，相当于形容词或副词，在句中可以作定语、状语、补语。
分词作定语的位置：单个分词前置；分词短语后置。
经典例句1. I have a dog.2. I have a precious dog.形容词p recious”珍贵的”充当句子中的定语，修饰名词dog。
3. I have a swimming dog.swimming 是现在分词作定语，修饰名词 dog。
表示”正在游泳的狗”。
即单个分词位置前置。
4. I have a dog swimming in the pool.swimming in the pool 是现在分词短语，修饰名词 dog，表示”正在游泳池游泳的狗”。
即分词短语位置后置。
分词作定语的含义：现在分词：进行过去分词：完成对比下列词组：falling leaves 正在掉落的叶子（进行）fallen leaves 已经掉落的叶子（完成）a sinking ship 一艘正在沉的船（进行）a sunken ship 一艘已经沉的船（完成）a developing country 一个发展中国家（进行）a developed country 一个发达国家（完成）现在分词：主动过去分词：被动the rising sun （主动）a broken cup （被动）the burning coal （主动）a respected writer （被动）the barking dog （主动）boiled water (被动) 必背：现在分词：主动进行过去分词：被动完成分词作定语的考点考试主要考后置定语，判断主被动。
即非谓语动词和紧跟名词的主被动关系。
经典例句1. This is one of the schools built in 1980s.build（建造）与其紧跟名词 school（学校）之间是被动关系，即学校被建造。
所以选用过去分词b uild。
分词短语b uilt in 1980s 后置即可。
2. The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.enjoy（享受）与其紧跟名词people（人们）之间是主动关系，即人们享受。
所以选用现在分词e njoying。
分词短语 enjoying themselves in the sunshine 后置即可。
3. T oday there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.Carry（承载）与其紧跟名词 airplanes（飞机）之间是主动关系，即飞机承载人们。
所以选用现在分词c arrying。
分词短语 carrying more people 后置即可。
强化练习用所给动词的现在分词 doing 或过去分词d one 形式填空：1. The ______(fall) snow was frozen hard.2. The ______(fall) snowflakes in the sky are beautiful.3. Clint can’t bear the smell of ____ (burn) bread.4. Stay away from the ______(burn) coal.5. Did you attend the meeting__ (hold) last Saturday?答案：1. fallen2. falling3. burned4. burning5. heldPart 3 拓展阅读Birthdays Around the World.Birthday traditions vary around the world. In the United States, people often cel ebrate a birthday with a party. They give presents and serve cake and ice cream. People in Korea celebrate in a different way. They eat seaweed soup and rice cakes. Koreans serve seaweed soup because it is healthful, and they decorate the rice cakes with nuts and dried fruit. Party guests may wear traditional clothes called hanbok. The jacket looks like a shirt with long sleeves. Women wear skirts, and men wear loose, flowing pants.In China people eat “l ongevi ty noodles” on their birthdays. These long noodles symbolize long life. Children do not have birthday parties, because parents do not want the gods to notice the children until they are adults. However, children may eat special birthday foods, such as an egg dish. Parents urge their children to eat the yellow yolk in the middle of the egg. In Chinese the word for “yolk” sounds the same as the word for “control” Children eat the yolk as a reminder that adults guide them. Parents give their children money in a red envelope for luck. Adults have birthday parti es. One of the biggest parties happens when a person turns 60.Children in Mexico have birthday parties with family and friends. They play with a piñata, which is a hollow figure in the shape of an animal, a flower, or favorite thing. The piñata contains candy and prizes, and it hangs from the ceiling. Each child tries to hit the piñata with a stick. Children must take turns, and they also must wear a blindfold, or a piece of cloth that covers their eyes. People believe that the child who breaks the pi fiat a will have good luck, When the piñata breaks, everyone grabs the treasures that fall out of it.In Germany people call a child's birthday party a kinder fest. Hi storians think that Germans were the first people to have birthday parties for children. P arents place a wooden birthday wreath withcandles on it upon the table. They light a tall candle in the middle, the “life” candle, every year until their child turns 12 years old. The mother cooks all day to prepare a homemade meal for this event.A child at a birthday party in Canada may find a coin in his or her piece of cake. When the children play party games, the child who finds the coin goes first. Guests may also receive “crackers.” A cracker is a tube covered with colored paper. When a person pulls a paper strip, the cracker splits open with a loud bang. The cracker may have a prize inside it. The prize could be a paper that tells the person's fortune.拓展词汇cel e brate： to have a party, ceremony, or other activity for an eventLongevi t y：length of lifeHi s torians：people who study or write about historyWreath：an object shaped like a ring or a circleFortune： what happens or will happen to a person, whether good or badV ary：to be differentSymbol i z e：to stand for or represent选词填空1. Red roses often ___ love.2. Pam made a ____ of flowers to hang on her front door.3. The basketball team ate pizza to ______ the game they won.4. People can exercise and eat healthful foods to increase their __ .5. ______ learn about how people lived in the past.6. Linda had the good ______ to win free movie tickets.7. Weather patterns ___ _ in different parts of the world.答案：1. Red roses often symbolize love.2. Pam made a wreath of flowers to hang on her front door.3. The basketball team ate pizza to celebrate the game they won.4. People can exercise and eat healthful foods to increase their longevity.5. Historians learn about how people lived in the past.6. Linda had the good fortune to win free movie tickets.7. Weather patterns vary in different parts of the world. Recal l ing Facts1. Korean traditional clothes are calleda. piñatas.b. han bok,c. kind cr fest.2. People eat longevity noodles on their birthdays ina. China.b. Mexico,c. Germany.3. On their birthdays, children in China receivea. crackers,b. money in red envelopes,c. wooden birthday wreaths.4. On a child's birthday in Germany, parents light aa. piñata.b. firecracker.c. life candle.5. A cracker at a birthday party in Canada isa. a red envelope.b. a very long noodle.c. a tube covered with colored paper.答案： 1-5 babccUnderstandi ng Ideas1. The main idea of the article is thata. people around the world celebrate birthdays in various ways.b. people around the world like to celebrate special occasions.c. Germans may have had the first birthday parties fo r children.2. From the article, you can conclude that birthday celebrations around the worlda. are very similar to each other.b. usually include cake and ice cream.c. reflect the different beliefs of different groups of people.3. Y ou can also conclude that most birthday celebrations includea. special food.b. colorful clothing.c. a traditional dance.4. The person who is most likely to have a birthday party in China isa. a 1-year-old.b.a 7-year-old. c. a60-year-old.5. In both Canada and China, it is likely that money symbolizesa. long life.b. good fortune.c. a happy year.答案： 1-5 acacb成果检验用所给动词的现在分词d oing 或过去分词d one 形式填空：1. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words (use) in daily conversations.答案：used2. The girl ______(stand) under the tree is really charming.答案：standing3. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ____ _(develop) after great effort.答案：developed4. T o return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _____ (conduct) inAustralia in 2019.答案：conducted5. The woman _____ (give) a lesson at the moment is our teacher.答案：giving课后作业用所给动词的现在分词d oing 或过去分词d one 形式填空：1. His first book ____ (publish) last month was based on a true story.答案：published2. The witnesses (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 答案：questioned阅读理解The word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been all effective way to promote (促进) the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books.By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became all important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm’s name or product, words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as “advertising agencies (广告商)”.The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism (消费主义) as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the “right” products.1. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?A. Merchants were employed to promote products.B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.C. Product information was included in books.D. Ad signs were put up in towns.2. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Advertising in newspapers.B. Including pictures in ads.C. Selling goods in markets.D.Working with ad agencies.3. The l8th century advertising was special in its _____ .A. growing spendingB. printing materialsC. advertising companiesD. attractive designs4. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. The Story of AdvertisingB. The V alue of Advertising DesignsC. The Role of Newspaper AdvertisingD. The Development of Printing for Advertising【答案】BADA第11页/共11页。