第8章现代诗歌
8.1 复习笔记
Ⅰ. Overview
1. Background
2. Modernism
3. Imagism
(1) Emergence
(2) Major features
(3) Comment
Ⅱ. Ezra Loomis Pound (1885-1972)
1. Life
2. Literary Career
Ⅲ. Thomas Stearns Elliot (1888-1968)
1. Life
2. Literary Career
Ⅳ. Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)
1. Life
2. Literary Career
3. Views of Poetry
4. Major Features
Ⅴ. E. A. Robinson (1869-1935)
1. Life
2. Literary Career
3. Characteristics
Ⅵ. Robert Lee Frost (1874-1963)
1. Life
2. Literary Career
3. Comment
Ⅶ. Contemporary American Poetry
Ⅰ. Overview
1. Background
In the 20th century, two characteristic strains in American poetry are introspection and social criticism. But they were often combined together.
Ⅰ. 概述
1. 背景
20世纪，美国诗歌有两大类型，即内省和社会批判。

但是两种类型经常结合在一起。

2. Modernism
(1) Modernism dramatized severance from the past while using the past, its values
and artistic forms in new literary production.
(2) Modernists had a sense of fragmentation in social communities and the individual himself.
(3) The distinctive feature of literary modernism was its strong break with
traditional forms and techniques of expression.
2. 现代主义
(1) 现代主义与过去相隔离，但同时也在新的文学作品中使用过去的观点和艺术形式。

(2) 现代主义者分裂了社会和个人。

(3) 现代主义的特征是它与传统表达形式和技巧是分开的。

3. Imagism
(1) Emergence
Modernism displayed its momentum first in the movement of Imagism as a reaction to Victorian and Edwardian poetry.
3. 意象派
(1) 出现
在意象派的运动中，现代主义最初是对维多利亚时代和爱德华时代的诗歌的反驳。

(2) Major features
①imagism was anti- romantic and anti-Victorian.
②Imagism produced free verse without imposing a rhythmical pattern.
③In a sense, imagism was equivalent to naturalism in fiction.
④Imagism recorded objective observations of an object without comment by the
poet.
(2) 主要特点
①意象派是反浪漫主义和反维多利亚主义的。

②意象派产生了自由体诗，没有韵律。

③在某种程度上，意象派与小说中的自然主义对等。

④意象派记录了对一个物体的客观描述，不带有诗人的评论。

(3) Comment
①The most outstanding figures of the movement were Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, and Hilda Doolittle.
②The second lasting influence of imagism is the form of free verse.
(3) 评价
①意象派运动最突出的人物是埃兹拉·庞德，艾米·洛威尔和希尔达·杜丽特尔。

②意象派最持久的影响是自由体诗。

Ⅱ. Ezra Loomis Pound (1885-1972)
1. Life
Often identified as the father of modern American poetry, he led the experiment in revolutionizing poetry. He wrote 70 books and more than 1,500 articles.
2. Literary Career
Pound was developing his poetic style of clarity and a direct conversational diction. During his stay in London, he also finished the famous poem: High Selwyn
Mauberley: Life and Contacts (1920). His major work of poetry is The Cantos.
Ⅱ. 埃兹拉·庞德(1885-1972)
1. 生平
庞德经常被称为美国现代诗歌之父，他领导了诗歌改革。

他写了70部书和1500多部作品。

2. 文学生涯
庞德发展了他清楚和直接对话式的方式。

他在伦敦期间，写了著名的《休·赛尔温·莫伯利》。

他的主要诗歌作品是《诗章》。

Ⅲ. Thomas Stearns Elliot (1888-1968)
Ⅰ. Life
Eliot was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He became the acknowledged leader of the new poetry and criticism by 1925 and almost dominated poetry and criticism in the period between two world wars.
2. Literary Career
In 1915 he published The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. In 1922, he published his great work, The Waste Land. He also had critical essays The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism and On Poetry and Poets.
Ⅲ. 托马斯·艾略特(1888-1968)
1. 生平
艾略特是诗人，戏剧家和文学批评家。

1925年，他成为新诗歌和评论的领导者，并且在两次世界大战中占据了诗歌和评论的主导地位。

2. 文学生涯
1915年，艾略特发表了《阿尔弗雷德·普罗弗洛克的情歌》。

1922年，他发表了伟大的作品《荒原》。

他还著有评论性短文《诗歌和评论的用处》和《论诗歌与诗人》。

Ⅳ. Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)
1. Life
Stevens was opposed to Eliot’s earlier pessimism and later religious attitude. He was the most consistent spokesman for the rationalist and humanist tradition. Ⅳ. 华莱士·史蒂文斯(1879-1955)
1.生平
史蒂文斯反对艾略特早期的悲观主义和后期的宗教态度。

史蒂文斯是最坚持理性主义传统和人文主义传统的代言人。

2. Literary Career
His books include Harmonium (1923), T he Man With the Blue Guitar (1937) and The Letters of Wallace Stevens (1966), etc.
2. 文学生涯
他的书包括《簧风琴》《弹蓝吉他的人》和《华莱士·史蒂文斯的信》。

3. Views of Poetry
①Stevens held that a poet should discover pleasure, and meaning in the sordidness of chaotic reality.
②Stevens also held that poetry is fictionalized music which counters the unmusical。