The ABC of Phonetic Symbols 音标基础知识编稿人：陈靖波校对：高一英语组（一）国际音标(phonetic symbols)国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。
语言学中，音标是记录音素的符号。
音素分为元音音素(vowels)和辅音音素(consonants)。
国际音标共48个，元音音素/音标20个，辅音音素/音标28个。
国际音标发音表发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。
不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音叫辅音。
发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音，发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。
（二）音节(Syllable)音节是最小的发音单位。
根据元音个数分为单音节、双音节、多音节。
单词中发音特别响亮的音节叫重读音节。
多音节中使用重音符号(')和次重音符号(,)。
按照发音规律还可划分为开音节和闭音节。
开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, these, bike, home, useb) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,b)元音+辅音: it, is, of, in, on, up, out, ant（三）辅音单个字母和字母组合发音规则1. p/p/2. b /b/3.t/t/4. d /d/5. c,k,ck /k/6. g /g/, /?/7. f, ph /f/8. v /v/9. s, c/s/ 10. s /z/, /?/ 11. z /z/ 12. sh /?/ 13. th /θ/, /e/ 14. ch, tch /?/ 15. x /ks/ 16. tr /tr/ 17.dr /dr/ 18. ts /ts/ 19.ds /dz/ 20. l /l/ 21. m /m/ 22. n /n/23. n,ng /?/ 24. w,wh /w/25. j,y /j/ 26. wh,h /h/ 27. r /r/ 28. qu /kw/发音练习：1. c/k/ cap cook clock come cold closec/s/ city certainly rice piece pencil nice recycle 2. g/g/ girl good god blog fog graduateg/?/ orange l arge vegetable change geography technology3. s/z/ rose close as his busy nose pleases/s/ bus glass class sister sit horse houses/?/ usual pleasure treasure measure televisions/?/ sure4. ch/?/ chick much child which each peach China ch/k/ school stomach chemistry headachech/?/ machine5. tch/?/ watch match5. sh/?/ sheep ship English shirt shout short6. th/θ/ thick think thank mouth birthday thirteen south th/e/ this these those that with father another7. ts/ts/ kites rabbits shorts boots8. ds/dz/ beds birds friends woods9. tr/tr/ tree street tractor try trip train10. dr /dr/ drive driven hundred dress driver drink11. ng/ ? / think thank thing pink wrong12. wh/w/ why what when what which when whitewh/h/ who whose（四）元音单个字母和字母组合发音规则1. a /e I/ cake make later snake paper baby face gamea /? / apple cat cap bag hat map mat black backa /?: / watera /?/ watch wash want whata /I/ orangea /?/ China woman another breakfast bananaa/a:/ class glass ask banana dance last father fasta /e/ any many2. e / i:/ he we she me these Chinesee /e/ bed desk yes egg pen pencil leg let3. i /a I/ bike kite like drive time child findi/I/ pig this sit drink milk swim fish ship sister4. o /??/ go nose those home clothes close noo/?/ dog clock lot box fox not holidayo/?/ mother other brother another monkey come loveo/?/ wolf5. u/ju:/ use student cute duty excuse Tuesdayu/? / mug cut but bus jump much fun cup nutu/?/ putu/u:/ ruler blue glue June superu/I/ busy6. y/aI/ my why shy fly sky try buy by bye spy slyy/I/ baby city windy sunny cloudy ready happyy/j/ yellow yes yoyo young7. ea /i:/ clean season read meal leaf mean seat speakea /e/ bread breakfast weatherea /e I/ great8. ee/i:/ see meet three jeep queen thirteen sheep sweet9. ow/au/ brown how cow flower now townow/??/ blow grow window snow know yellow rainbow10. ou /au / mouth house playground cloud sound aboutou/u:/ group soupou/?/ young country enough11. oa/??/ boat goat raincoat road goal12. or/?:/ horse more for fork shorts New York porkor/?:/ work word worker world homeworkor/ ? / doctor actor factory mirror13. aw/?: / draw strawberry14. oor/?:/ door flooroor/??/ poor15. all/?:/ all wall fall call small basketball ball tallal/?:/ talk walk always also16.ir/?:/ bird girl shirt skirt third first thirsty17. ur/?:/ turn nurse Thursday Saturday fur return18. ear/?:/ learn early earthear/I?/ ear hear near clear yearear/e?/ bear wear pearear/a:/ heart19. er/?/ driver finger computer river sweater matter weather20. our/au/ our hour flourour/?/ colour favouriteour/?:/ four your courseour/??/ tour tourist21. ai/e I/ rain rainbow wait rainy e-mail straight againai/I/ mountain22. ay/e I/ day may say way play stay away holidayay/I/ Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday23. air/e?/ air hair chair stair pair fair24. ere/e? / there whereere/I?/ here25. eer/I?/ deer cheer beer26. oo/u:/ food school room too moon noon balloon cooloo/u/ foot took good look cook book classroom27. ar/a:/ car garden park far farm farmer art sharkar/?:/ warm28. igh/a I/ high night light might fight right29. oy/?I/ boy toy30. oi/?I/ point soil31. au/?: / autumn daughter32. ey/i:/ keyey /I/ monkey money。