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中考英语-常用词汇详解

中考英语常用词汇详解一、Mark的用法mark用作名词时,其基本意思有“,记号,污迹,标志,分数,商标”等意思。

mark既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。

Mark用作动词时,其基本意思是“打分,计分,批改;标出,做记号;标志,象征,表现出”, 还有“纪念,庆祝”的意思。

引申意可作“表示”解。

具体详述如下:(一)用作名词1.mark作“痕迹,污点,斑点,伤疤”解时,指物体表面上的斑点或人体损伤部分。

如:The children left dirty marks all over the kitchen floor. 孩子们把厨房的地弄得污迹斑斑。

Detectives found no marks on the body. 侦探在尸体上没有发现任何痕迹。

2.mark作“分数,等级”解时,指某一学科的分数或用字母表示的等级, What’s the pass mark? 合格分数是多少?I got full marks in the spelling test.我在拼写测验中得了满分。

He did well to get such a good mark. 他干的不错,得了这么高的分。

3.mark 作名词用,还有“符号,标记,商标”之意。

The mark is mine. 标记是我画的。

The trade mark is intangible of asset of every enterprise.商标是企业的一项无形资产。

Please make a mark where you have questions. 请在有疑问的地方做上记号。

You should learn to use the punctuation marks. 你应该学习使用标点符号。

Mark的以上三种作名词的用法都是可数名词。

(二)用作动词1.mark的基本含义是“在…留下痕迹,作记号,打分数; 标志,表示…的特征”,引申作“表明”解。

mark既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。

用作及物动词时,可接名词、代词,可用于被动结构;也可接形容词充当宾语补足语;用作不及物动词时,主动形式有时含有被动意义。

mark作动词用时,还有“纪念,庆祝”的意思。

例如:The hot cup will mark the table.热杯子会在桌上留下痕迹。

Each stone was marked with a number.每块石头上都标出了号码。

The cross marks the park. 十字形符号表示公园。

The teacher marked all the papers. 老师给所有的试卷都打了分。

The chairman made a speech, which marked the beginning of the meeting. 主席做了发言,这标志着会议的开始。

The rose marks the deep friendship of the two countries. 这玫瑰花是两国深厚友谊的象征。

Long ears mark a rabbit. 长耳朵是兔子的特征。

The teacher marks each student present, absent or late every morning. 每天早晨老师登记每个学生的出勤情况。

The floor marks very easily. 这地板很容易留下污迹。

A golden wedding marks 50 years of marriage. 金婚是结婚50周年的纪念。

另外,形容词marked常作定语,意思是“有记号的,显著的,引人注目的;明显的”。

如:a marked difference 显著的差别;show marked improvement 显现明显的进步。

(三)与mark有关的搭配:1)mark表示“得分”常与get〔gain〕搭配使用,如:she got good marks in English. 她英文得了好成绩。

I gained a mark of 70 in math. 我数学得了70分。

2)make a mark 做记号You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.你最好在你有疑问的地方作个记号。

3)be marked with 以……为标记Zebras and tigers are marked with stripes. 斑马和老虎身上有条纹。

4)make one’s mark 出名,成功She made her mark by winning a championship.她获得了冠军,一举成名。

5)mark A with B;mark B on A 做标记She marked her handkerchief with her initials. She marked her initials on her handkerchief. 她把名字的首字母绣在了手帕上。

(四)mark, sign , signal, symbol的辨析sign, signal, symbol, mark这几个词作名词讲的时候都有“符号,标记”的意思sign:指人们公认事物的记号、标志,也可指某种情况的迹象。

e.g.You mustn't smoke in the room with a “No Smoking”sign.你切勿在有“请勿吸烟”标志的房间里吸烟。

There are signs that restaurants are becoming more popular with families.有迹象表明,餐馆越来越受家庭欢迎。

signal: 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号、暗号。

When they found the ship was sinking, they immediately sent out the emergency signal SOS.当他们发现船正在下沉的时候,他们立刻发出了SOS 紧急求救信号。

symbol: 指有象征意义的或表达某种深邃含义的特殊事物。

A dove is often used as a symbol of peace. 鸽子常被作为和平的象征。

mark: 既可指方便于辨认而有意做的标记,又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。

He made some marks in the article where (it was )necessary. 他在文中必要的地方做了一些记号。

(五)即学即练:1)用英语表达下列句子:计算机的发明标志着一个新的时代的开始。

The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.他用记号笔做了记号。

He made marks with a marker.价格必须标在商品上。

Prices must be marked on the goods.2)选择填空运动员们都已准备就绪,等待着起跑的信号。

The sportsmen are all ready, waiting for the ___________ to start running. (C )A markB signC signalD symbol由于上面标有他的名字,那个包很快就会找到。

__________with his name, the bag will be found soon. (D)A MarkingB MarkC MarksD Marked二、risk 的用法(一)基本意思与用法:risk即可用作名词有可用作动词。

risk在作为名词使用的时候,意思为“危险,风险,冒险;危险人物或事物”。

既是可数名称又是不可数名词。

例如:Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease. 吸烟会增加患心脏病的危险。

They are ready for any risks. 他们做好了迎接任何危险的准备。

Patients should be made aware of the risk involved with this treatment. 应该告诉病人这种治疗所涉及的风险。

The group was considered to be a risk to national security.这伙人被认为是威胁国家安全的危险分子。

risk作为动词使用的时候,意思是“冒……的危险;使……冒风险(或面临危险)”,是及物动词,后接名词和代词。

如:He risked his life to save her. 他冒着生命的危险去救她。

She was risking her own and her children’s life.他在使她自己以及她的孩子们的生命面临危险。

It was a difficult decision but we decided to risk it . 这件事决心难下,但我们决定冒险一试。

注意:risk做及物动词时,除了后面可接名词和代词以外,还常接动名词做宾语,不接不定式。

如:But there was no choice, they knew they risked being arrested. 但是,他们别无选择,他们知道他们自己冒着被捕的危险。

We’ve been told not to risk travelling in these bad weather conditions. 我们事先被告知在这种恶劣的天气情况下,不要冒险出行。

(二)常用搭配:1)at the risk of +n ; at the risk of doing sth.冒着……的危险(做某事)例如:He rescued the drowning child at the risk of his life. 他冒着生命危险救了那个落水的儿童。

At the risk of seeming rude, I'm afraid I have to leave now. 恕我失礼,恐怕我现在必须走了。

2)take a risk/take risks. 冒险。

例如:We do not expect untrained people to take risks. 我们不主张未受过培训的人员去冒险。

I took a risk in telling him the news at that moment. 我当时把这个消息告诉他,是冒了风险的。

3)take/run the risk of doing sth= risk doing sth 冒险做某事。

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