高中英语新课标词汇和短语讲解与最新考纲对照总表注:标注“#”符号为非考纲词汇。
一、基本词汇Aa (an) art. 一(个,件…)⑪表示一个:She has a clever son.⑫表示每个:we have 3 English classes a week.⑬表示某个:The book is /was written by a student.⑭表示某类之一:I am a teacher. He is a doctor.⑮第一次提到的人或物用不定冠词表示,再次提到时用定冠词:I have a bike;the bike is green.⑯用于可数名词单数形式前,表示类别:A teacher must love his student.⑰用于表示价格,速度,比率,时间等意义的名词前:3 times a day; 10 yuan a meter.⑱用于抽象名词前,表示一种:a new culture⑲用于句型:“a∕an +Mr. ∕Mrs./ Miss.+姓氏”中:a Mr. Wang⑳用于某些短语中:a lot of ; have a good time abandon: abandon oneself to沉缅于, 陷入vt.放弃(=desert)遗弃,丢弃,放肆, 放纵;沉湎于:abandon one's idea放弃自己的想法He abandoned his wife and child.他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。
They abandon themselves to drinking.他们沉湎于饮酒。
Do not abandon yourself to despair.不要悲观失望。
n.放肆; 放纵; 尽情; 任意The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。
abandoner n.放弃者;【律】遗弃者abandon , desert , forsake 这三个动词的含义是“丢弃”。
abandon 的确切含义是失去控制,或丧失了占有的能力,或“放弃”某物而不准备再要了。
abandoning bad habitsdesert 的确切含义是“过去占有过”或“过去是伙伴”。
狭义地讲,这个词指“抛弃自己的义务”。
a deserted village空无一人的村庄a deserted street at night夜里无人的大街the deserted wife and children被遗弃的妻子儿女forsake 通常表示与某人或某物脱离联系。
to forsake one's former belief放弃过去的信仰to forsake one's old friend背离老朋友He was forsaken smoking for years.他戒烟已有多年了。
3.ability n. 能力;才能-ties能力;本领;才能We found him work more suited to his abilities.我们为他找到了更容易发挥他才能的工作。
to the best of one's ability竭尽全力disability n.无力, 无能, 残疾inability n. 无能, 无力4.able a. 能够;有能力的be able to do近义词be capable of doingI'm quite capable of taking care of myself.我完全有能力照顾自己。
# abnormal a. 反常的,变态的an abnormal phenomenon反常现象家unnatural adj.不自然的;异常的;不合自然规律的5. aboard prep. 上(船,飞机,火车,汽车等)1)go aboard.上船[飞机,车]=go aboard the plane;2)All aboard!;请上船[飞机,车]6.abolish vt.废除,革除,消灭Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States. There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished. 许多不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。
They petitioned the government to abolish hanging.他们向政府请愿,要求废除绞刑。
The legislature passed a law to abolish the surtax.立法机关通过了一项废除附加税的法令。
The weapons of war must be abolished before they abolish us.在作战武器消灭我们以前,我们应先把它消灭。
7.about ad.大约;到处;prep.关于;在各处;四处;be about to do sth. when正要做某事突然…8.above adj.上面的, 上述的, 上文的,prep.在…上面在...上方, 过于, 超出above all首先;尤其;最重要的是;above oneself过于自信,自负be above sth不屑于, 超出...from above自高处,自上级above and beyond大于;多于;9.abroad adv. 到国外,去国外We hear that he went abroad recently.我们听说他最近出国了。
He was abroad from 1970 to 1996.他从1970年至1996年住在国外。
We can’t go abroad this year, so we’ll have to content ourselves with a holiday in London.我们今年不能出国,所以只好在伦敦度假了。
注意abroad是副词,不是名词,因此不能与in, to, at 等介词连用；其前也不用冠词：正：He went abroad last year. 他去年出国了。
误：He went to abroad last year.误：He went to the abroad last year.abroad 之前虽不能用in, to 之类的介词,但可用介词from：He just came back from abroad. 他刚从国外回来。
注意搭配：at home and abroad 国内外/ be all abroad 感到莫明其妙10.abrupt突然的, 陡峭的,生硬的;不连贯的an abrupt turn急转弯an abrupt descent陡峭的斜坡in an abrupt manner无礼的态度an abrupt entrance闯入11.absence n. 不在,缺席12.absent a不在的, 缺席的, 缺少的,be absent from 不在的; 没有出席Long absent, soon forgotten.[谚]别久情疏。
absent oneself from缺席, 不在13.absolute完全的, 绝对的14.absorb吸收, 吸引be absorbed by被...吞并, 为..所吸收be absorbed in全神贯注在...,一心从事,热衷于absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意# abstract摘要, 概要, 抽象; 抽象的;非具体to make an abstract of把...的要点摘录下来abstract noun抽象名词in the abstract抽象地, 观念上, 理论上的# absurd荒谬的, 可笑的# abundant丰富的, 充裕的, 丰富, 盛产, 富于be abundant in=be rich in盛产# abuse滥用, 虐待, 辱骂15.academic a&n学术的,人文学科的;大学教师# academy(高等)专科院校,研究院,学术团体,学院16.accelerate v加速, 促进,He decided to accelerate his advertising.17.accent n重音, 口音,18.accept vt&vi 接受She offered him a lift and he accepted (it).她请他坐她的车,他就领情了。
He has been accepted /admitted by Beijing University. He asked her to marry him and she accepted (him).他向她求婚,她同意了。
比较：accept 与receive用法不同,前者通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,而后者则指主动地“接受”。
She received his present, but she didn’t accept it.她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受。
accept后可接名词或代词作宾语,但一般不接不定式。
要表示汉语的“接受做某事”,可用agree to do sth。
His idea was such a good one that we all agreed to use it.19.access n&vt进入,通道;接近access to接近,通向20.accessible易接近的,可到达的,易受影响的,an accessible person温和的人;An open minded person is accessible to reasons.虚心的人易于服理。
21.accident意外事件, 事故by accident/chance偶然accident: An unexpected, undesirable event；an unforeseen incident. accident通常指不愉快的、意外的不测之事,常导致不良后果。
A traffic accident happened yesterday, three killedand five wounded.昨天发生了一起交通事故,三死五伤The railway accident was terrible.那次火车车祸是件可怕的事。
phr. by accident意外地、偶然地：I met her by accident.我遇见她纯属偶然。
By accident of birth, he was rich.他有幸生在有钱人家Event: Something that takes place; an occurrence；A significant occurrence or happening；A contest or an item in a sports program.既可指历史上的重大事件,国际上的,国内的重大事件,也可指日常事件,还可表示体育运动的比赛项目。