一．名词变复数1.cooks,stomachs,Germans,Asians,plays厨师胃德国人亚洲人戏剧monkeys,orders,tickets猴子订单票2.story-stories,library-libraries,army-armies故事图书馆军队family-families,enemy-enemies家庭敌人3.watch-watches,match-matches,inch-inches手表比赛英寸fish-fishes,bush-bushes,dress-dresses,boxes鱼灌木丛连衣裙4.man-men,policeman-policemen,警察woman-women,Frenchman-Frenchmen法国人man doctor-men doctors 男医生5.mouse-mice,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,老鼠牙齿脚child-children,sheep-sheep,deer-deer儿童绵羊鹿二．基数词变序数词one-first,two-second,three-third,four-fourth five-fifth,six-sixth,eight-eighth,nine-ninth twelve-twelfth,thirteen-thirteenth,twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth,thirty-one—thirty-first注：fifty复数fifties 50多岁，50年代三．形容词副词比较级最高级规则变化-er,-est1.clever—cleverer-cleverest聪明更聪明最聪明high高的-higher-highesr2.early早的-earlier-earliest,heavy重的-heavier,busy忙碌的-busier, healthy健康的-healthier,tasty美味的-tastier. crazy着迷的-crazier-craziesthungry饥饿的-hungrier-hungriest3.hot热的-hotter-hottest, fat胖的-fatter slim苗条的-slimmer,sad伤心-sadder,big-bigger,mad发疯-madder,thin瘦的-thinner-thinnest 4.cute-cuter-cutest,wise明智-wiser-wisestwide宽大的-wider-widest5.多音节和部分双音节形容词副词dangerous-more dangerous-the most～important-more important-the most ～polite-more polite-the most ～generous-more generous-the most ～difficult-more difficult-the most ～quickly-more quickly-(the)most ～happily-more happily-(the)most～形容词副词比较级最高级不规则变化：good/well-better-best 好的，更好，最好bad/ill/badly-worse-worst坏的，更坏，最坏far-farther-farthest（距离）远-更远-最远far-further-furthest（距离及程度）further study 进一步学习many/much-more-most 许多-更多-最多little-less-least少-更少-最少（修饰不可数名词）at most至多，at least至少old-older-oldestold-elder-eldest表示长幼关系，只能作定语,elder后面不能接than.四.形容词变副词--ly1.slow-slowly,quiet- quietly, sure-surely慢的慢地安静的安静地complete-completely,polite-politely完全的完全地careful-carefully,successful-successfully2.easy-easily,heavy-heavilylucky-luckily,healthy-healthily3.possible-possibly,terrible-terribly可能的可能地可怕的可怕地，糟糕地simple-simply,probable-probably简单的简直可能的可能地comfortable-comfortablygentle-gently温和地4.true-truly5.不规则变化★good-well,★形容词变副词没有变化high-high,fast-fast,late-latewide-wide,early-early hard-hard注：-ly 意思完全改变的有hardly几乎不，highly 高度地widely广泛地lately近期地五：变为形容词1.—lyfriendly,weekly,monthly,day-dailylive-lively ,lonely2.—yluck-lucky,health-healthy运气幸运的健康健康的wealth-wealthy,cloud-cloudy ,sleep-sleepy 财富富有的云多云的睡觉昏沉的wind-windy,rain-rainy snow-snowy,noise-noisy, taste-tasty,shine-shinyfun-funny,sun-sunny,fog-foggy3.-ful,helpful,cheerful,delightful,colourful,useful successful,hopeful,beautiful,wonderful homeful,harmfulawake, alive, asleep, alone(只做表语) 醒着的活着的睡着的单独（副词）6.-al centre-central,arrive-arrival，nationalInternational 国际的personal7.-ous danger-dangerous,humour-humorous8.Canada-Canadian,music-musician加拿大加拿大人音乐音乐家Asia-Asian, Europe-European亚洲亚洲人欧洲欧洲人Africa-African，Australia-Australian非洲非洲人澳大利亚澳大利亚人Germany-German，India-Indian德国德国人印度印度人Russia-Russian俄国俄国人9.value-valuable有价值的10.western,eastern,northern,southern 六．反义词（中考词汇B项仅含前后缀）1.incorrect 不正确的2.impossible,impatient, impolite, improper, 不可能的不耐烦的不礼貌的不合适的3.uncomfortable,unfriendly, unkind, unhappy 不舒服的不友好的unimportant,unnecessary,unpopular,不重要的不必要的不受欢迎的uncommon不普通的,unknown未知的4.irregular 不规则的5.cover覆盖-discover发现,honest-dishonest advantage优势-disadvantage 劣势6.homeful-homeless,careful-carelessuseful-useless,harmful-harmlesshopeful-hopeless,colourful-colourless七：变为名词：1.动词—ioncollect-collection,decide-decision收集收集物决定invent-invention，direct-direction发明发明物指导方向connect-connection,impress-impression连接连接留下印象，印象graduate-graduation,celebrate-celebration毕业毕业庆祝庆祝suggest-suggestion,introduce-introduction建议介绍act-action,attract-attraction行动吸引吸引（力）invite-invitation,protect-protection邀请保护pollute-pollution,compete-competition污染竞争educate-education,present-presentation教育颁发颁奖recommend-recommendation,推荐communicate-communication交流pronounce-pronunciation发音discuss-discussion,donate-donation讨论捐赠organize-organization,operate-operation组织动手术手术inform通知-information信息prepare-preparation准备2.动词-mentdevelopment发展，treatment治疗announcement宣言，punishment惩罚movement运动，excite-excitement激动manage-management管理，agreement同意achievement成就advertisement广告3. 动词–er表示人player,singer,dancer,supporter,writer,speaker leader, murderer, runner,winner,swimmer, shopper 注意：cooker 炊具cook厨师动词--ordirector导演，visitor参观者，actor男演员actress女演员，inventor发明者survivor幸存者4. 形容词-ness 变为名词darkness, ,carelessness, sadness,黑暗粗心伤心loneliness, happiness,business,孤独幸福商业，生意5.其他变化serve-service,high-height,long-length服务高的高度长的长度strong-strength,free-freedom, warm-warmth 强壮，力量自由温暖dead-death,true-truth,silent-silence死亡真相沉默different-difference,important-importance区别重要性confident-confidence,weigh-weight自信的信心重重量art-artist, tour-tourist,science-scientist艺术艺术家旅行游客科学科学家pleasant-pleasure,possible-possibility愉快的愉快可能的可能性personal-personality,breathe-- breath个人的个性呼吸（动）呼吸（名）blood—bleed血流血八．动词-ing 现在分词或动名词1.cooking,studying,playing,agreeing,seeing2.give, provide, dance, complete, giving providing dancing completing continue-continuing,queue-queuing3.双写加-ing:run-running跑,get-getting变得，获得put,sit,set,dig,drop, stop,plan,begin,control. 放坐放挖掉下停止计划开始控制step, nod, mop,跨步点头拖地★★★常见不双写的动词有：wait-waiting,rain-raining,listen-listeningopen-opening,develop-developingsweep-sweeping九．一般现在时动词单数第三人称形式-s1.puts,sits,waits,lets,makes,2.does,goes3.carry-carries,study-studies,hurry-hurries worry-worries 辅音字母-y 结尾4.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词dresses,fixes,finishes,catches,washes,relaxes ★★★易错：enjoys,plays十．规则动词的过去式1.asked,cooked,played,answered,2.carry-carried,hurry-hurried,study-studied3.双写-ed,stopped,shopped,stepped,controlled cancelled,preferred,planned,nodded,mopped 取消更喜爱★易错:sit-sitted错sat正确（不规则变化）★★★★★★附：初中六种时态的结构1.一般现在时：主语+V./V-s (do, does)a.经常反复发生的动作，自然真理b.if/unless，when,as soon as,until,before,after从句，主将从现.2.一般过去时：主语+V-ed (did)过去发生的动作，与现在没有联系3.现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+V-ing说话人目前正在进行的动作。