现在完成时(1)基本结构：肯定句: have/has+过去分词(done)+其他否定句：have+not/haven’t +过去分词(done) +其他has+not/ hasn’t+过去分词(done) +其他一般疑问句及回答：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)一、表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果。
I have already spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了)Guo zijun has just come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)过去分词1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2、不规则动词：do---did---done go---went---gone come---came---comehave---had---had see---saw---seen be---was/were---been句型转换：1. He has already gone home.___________________________________________ (否定句) ___________________________________________ (疑问句) ________________(肯定回答)________________(否定回答) 2. He has had lunch at home.___________________________________________ (否定句) ___________________________________________ (疑问句) ________________(肯定回答)________________(否定回答) 3. He has finished his homework. (划线提问)_____________________________________________4. I have had lunch at school. (划线提问)_____________________________________________5. I _______ told him the news.（have/has）6. She ________ come back from school.(have/has)7. He has visited the Great Wall. (划线提问)_____________________________________________8. She has studied English for many years. (划线提问)_____________________________________________9. Tom has seen the film. (划线提问)_____________________________________________10. I have washed the clothes.( 划线提问)_____________________________________________现在完成时(2)表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果, 常与时间副词already（已经），yet（还、已经），just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经），never （从不），before（以前）等连用。
1. already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。
实例：I’ve already read this book.I’ve washed my clothes already．2. yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。
实例：—Has he found his watch yet ？—No，not yet．The woman hasn't found her dog yet ．3. just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
实例： He has just come back from school．4. ever意为“曾经”，放在助动词与过去分词之间。
实例：Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？I haven’t ever spoken to her．5. never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
实例：I have never travelled by plane before．6. before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。
实例：Have you ever been to Hainan before ？I haven’t eaten Guangdong food before．把already，yet，just，ever，never，before放在句中适当的位置。
1、Jim has finished doing his homework. (already)_______________________________________________________ 2、My father has been to the Great Wall before. (never)_______________________________________________________ 3、She hasn’t seen the new film.(yet)_______________________________________________________ 4、She has been to Shanghai before.(ever)_______________________________________________________ 5. Have you found your watch?(yet)_______________________________________________________ 6. ---Are you thirsty?---No I have had some orange juice.(just)_______________________________________________________ 7. We have returned (return) the book.(already)_______________________________________________________ 8. I haven’t finished my homework. (yet) Can you help me?_______________________________________________________ 9. My father have read the novel.(ever)_______________________________________________________ 10.I’ve arrived by train.(just)_______________________________________________________ 不规则动词：do---_____---_____ go---_____---_____ come---_____---_____ have---_____---_____ see---_____---_____ be---_____---_____ read---read---read eat---ate---eaten speak---spoke---spoken find---found---found get---got---gotten/got win---won---won现在完成时(3)用法二：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用, 对for 和since引导的时间状语提问要用How longfor + 段时间since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）since+时段+agosince+句子（过去时）1) I've lived here for 16 years.I've lived here since 1990．I've lived here since 16 years ago.Mr Wang has lived in the factory since he came to the city．2) I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年没有看见他了。
= I haven't seen him since 2013.= since three years ago=I haven't seen him since I saw him last time in 2013.练习A)（用for或since填空）1. He has lived in Nanjing ______ two years ago.2. I’ve known him ______ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.4. She has been away from the city _______ about ten years.5. It has been ten years ______ she left the city.B)（完成下列句子）1. 她在这所教学已经有五年了。