[考研类试卷]英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编18一、翻译1 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(东北财经大学2009研，考试科目：综合英语与翻译)While America rebuilds at home, we will not shrink from the challenges nor fail to seize the opportunities of this new world. Together with our friends and allies, we will work together to shape change, lest it engulf us. When our vital interests are challenged, or the wilt and conscience of the international community is defied, we will act: with peaceful diplomacy whenever possible, with force when necessary. The brave Americans serving our nation today in the Persian Gulf, in Somalia, and wherever else they stand, are testament to our resolve, but our greatest strength is the power of our ideas, which are still new in many lands. Across the world, we see them embraced and we rejoice. Our hopes, our hearts, our hands, are with those on every continent, who are building democracy and freedom. Their cause is America's cause. The American people have summoned the change we celebrate today. You have raised your voices in an unmistakable chorus, you have cast your votes in historic numbers you have changed the face of congress, the presidency, and the political process itself.2 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(东北财经大学2008研，考试科目：综合英语)When Chou Enlai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties. Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had"fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tuhsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet.As he talked Chou Enlai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told, and then questioning him. When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their applicationhad been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members, but Chu's membership was kept a secret from outsiders.General Chu explained this procedure as necessary because, as a general in the Yunnan Army, he had been one of the earliest Kuomintang members and he might be sent back to Yunnan by the Communist Party at some future date. Though not publicly known as a Communist, General Chu said that he broke all connections with his past, and with the old society in every way, "so that a heavy burden seemed to fall from my shoulders. " There were hundreds of Chinese students in Germany at the time, most of them richmen's sons with whom he might have associated in the past. Such men he now avoided and he spent is time studying hungrily, avidly, with young men many of whom were almost young enough to be his sons.3 Translate the underlined part in the following passage into Chinese．(大连理工大学2005研，考试科目：英汉翻译)<u>The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with Rood will. They are like streetcars running, contentedly on their rails and they despise the sprightly flivver(廉价小汽车)that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them: they are good citizens, good husbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes: but I do not find them exciting. I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world's history obliged us to take the turning we did.</u><u>I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. He had an acute brain, an attractive personality, and uprightness. There was no reason why he should not become, financially or politically, a power in the land. </u>One evening he was sitting in his club with a group of friends and they were perhaps a little worse(or the better)for liquor. One of them had recently come from Italy and he told them of a house he had seen at Capri, a house on the hill, overlooking the Bay of Naples, with a large and shady garden. He described to them the beauty of the most beautiful island in the Mediterranean."It sounds fine" , said Mayhew. "Is that house for sale?"From Mayhew by William S. Maugham4 Translate the following passage into Chines．The world as a whole has progressed tremendously material-wise, and we are a fortunate nation in that we are leading the procession. It is, I believe, natural that nations not so fortunate should look upon us with envy. We would do the same if the positions were reserved, so we should not judge too harshly the efforts of others to equal our standard of living. In either case, the fortunate or the unfortunate character in the individual and collectively in a nation stands out. I agree that it is easier to build character under ideal conditions but cannot forget that character is also required to give as well as receive.It should be to the benefit of humanity if all individuals—and this includes myself—did a renovation or remodeling job on our own character. It may merely be a case of removing rough edges or tossing away molding to expose irregularities , in some cases to remove a prop and stand on one's own feet. In any event if some of us set example, others will follow and the result should be good. This I believe.5 Translation．(吉林大学2005研，考试科目：英语语言实践)Television—the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth—is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies. The word "television", derived from its Greek(tele:distant)and Latin(vision:sight)roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photo-conductive plate within a camera)into electronic impulses which can be sent through a wire of cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver(television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.6 When I am asked, "What made you want to be a writer?" , my answer has always been, "Books". First and foremost, now, then, and always, I have been passionate about books. From the time I began to read, as a child, I loved to feel their heft in my hand and the warm spot caused by their intimate weight in my lap: I loved the crisp whisper of a page turning, the musky odor of old paper and the sharp inky whiff of new pages. Leather bindings sent me into ecstasy. I even loved to gaze at a closed book and daydream aboutthe possibilities inside—it was like contemplating a genie's lamp. Of course, my favorite fairy tale was A Thousand and One Nights—imagine buying your life with stories ! And my favorite cartoons were those where animated characters popped out of books and partied while the unsuspecting humans slept. In books, I could travel anywhere, be anybody, understand worlds long past and imaginary colonies in the future. My idea of a bargain was to go to the public library, wander along the bookshelves, and emerge with a chin-high stack of books that were mine, all mine, for 2 weeks—free of charge.At that time I didn't think of writing as an activity people admitted doing. I had no living role models—a "real" writer as a long-dead white male, usually with a white beard to match.7 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(辽宁大学2008研，考试科目：英语专业基础)During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country: and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. I know not how it was: but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. I say insufferable: for the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible. I looked upon the scene before me—upon the mere house, and the simple landscape features of the domain, upon the bleak walls, upon the vacant eye like windows , upon a few rank sedges, and upon a few white trunks of decayed trees—with an utter depression of soul which I can compare to no earthly sensation more properly than to the after dream of the reveler upon opium, the bitter lapse into every day life—the hideous dropping off of the veil. There was an iciness, a sinking, a sickening of the heart, an unredeemed dreariness of thought which no goading of the imagination could torture into aught of the sublime. What was it, I paused to think, what was it that so unnerved me in the contemplation of the House of Usher?8 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(辽宁大学2007研，考试科目：英语专业基础)Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself. I have been as sincere a worshipper of Aurora as the Greeks. I got up early and bathed in the pond: that was a religious exercise, and one of the best things which I did. They say that characters were engraved on the bathing tub of King Tching-thang to this effect, "Renew thyself completely each day: do it again, and again, and forever a-gain. " I can understand that. Morning brings back the heroic ages. I was as much affected by the faint burn of a mos-quito making its invisible andunimaginable tour through my apartment at earliest dawn, when I was sailing with door and windows open, as I could be by any trumpet that ever sang of fame. It was Homer's Requiem: itself an Iliad and Odyssey in the air, singing its own wrath and wanderings. There was something cosmical about it: a standing advertisement, till forbidden, of the everlasting vigor and fertility of the world. The morning, which is the most memorable season of the day, is the awakening hour. Then there is least somnolence in us: and for an hour, at least, some part of us awakes which slumbers all the rest of the day and night.9 Translation．(辽宁大学2007研，考试科目：英语专业基础)Sometimes Laura and I lean over the taffrail, and that is happiness. It may be by daylight, looking at the sea, rippled with little white ponies, or with no ripples at all but only the lazy satin of blue, marbled at the edge where the passage of our ship has disturbed it. Or it may be at night, when the sky surely seems blacker than ever at home and the stars more golden. I recall a phrase from the diary of a half-literate soldier, " The stars seemed little cuts in the black cover, through which a bright beyond was seen. " Sometimes these untaught scribblers have a way of putting things.10 It is a human world, but one that is human in ways no one expected. The image it reveals is not the worn and battered face that stares from Leonardo's self-portrait, much less the one that stares, bleary and uninspired, every morning from the bathroom mirror. These are the faces of history. It is, rather, the image of an eternally playful and eternally youthful power that makes order whether order is there or not and that having made one order is quite capable of putting it aside and creating an entirely different one the way a child might build one structure from a set of blocks and then without malice and purely in the spirit of play demolish it and begin again. It is an image of the power that made humanity possible in the first place.11 Translate the following into Chinese．(辽宁师范大学2007研，考试科目：综合英语)It is difficult to find a starting place for describing Custer. Those who have already formed opinions about the man have done so with such vehemence that it is hard to believe that the two sides are talking about the same person. To one group, he remains the brave and gallant soldier and peerless Indian fighter who died heroically and gloriously battling against hopeless odds: to the other, he was a big-mouthed braggart and incompetent who blundered away the lives of more than two hundred men by rushing joyfully into a deadly situation without taking the simplest precautions demanded by military prudence. On one point all agree: Custer was a man of supreme physical courage who apparently did not know what it was to feel fear. Beyond that, there is a agreement on very little.Custer graduated at the bottom of his class at West Point, in large part for demerits received for what his admirers like to describe as" boyish pranks and escapades" , although a good part of his bad record was the result of slovenly habits. This last was highly ironic because no officer would demand more later from his men in the way of snap and polish and taut discipline than him. He received his commission just in time to get the First Battle of Bull Run.12 Please translate the following part into Chinese and write your Chinese version on the ANSWER SHEET．(西安交通大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语)A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England's policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has presented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb, England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles II, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685 , as the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England's possessions through the use of what Webb calls "garrison government". Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb's view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the "garrison" , that is, by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor's command.13 English to Chinese．(西安交通大学2005研，考试科目：基础英语)One of the principal themes of Walzer's critique of liberal capitalism is that it is insufficiently egalitarian. Walzer's case against the economic inequality generated by capitalism and in favor of " a radical redistribution of wealth "is presented in a widely cited essay entitled in Defense of Equality.The most striking feature of Walzer's critique is that far from rejecting the principle of reward according to merit, Walzer insists on its validity. People who excel should receive the superior benefits appropriate to their excellence. But people exhibit a great variety of qualities—"intelligence, physical strength, agility and grace, artistic creative, mechanical skill, leadership, endurance, memory, psychological insight, the capacity for hard work, even moral strength, sensitivity, the ability to express compassion. "Each deserves its proper recompense, and hence a proper distribution of material goods should reflect human differences as measured on all these different scales. Yet under capitalism, the ability to make money("the green thumb of bourgeois society")enables its possessor to acquire almost "every other sort of social good, " such as the respect and esteem of others.14 Translate the following into Chinese．(西北大学2005研，考试科目：英汉、汉英翻译理论与实践)I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurements make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured the numbers on the money chart and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, live-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbors' orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbors who barter their skills and labor. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense of self?I don't want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meanness in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups— when they have to be acknowledged as "part of us".Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities—the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are, sadly, more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.15 Translate the following text into Chinese．Write your translation 0n the Answer Sheet．(西安外国语大学2009研，考试科目：英语专业基础)Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence supporting Reisman. Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. The graffiti-prone turn public surfaces into visual rubbish. Bicyclists often ride as though two-wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws. Litterbugs convert their communities into trash dumps. Widespread flurries of ordinances have failed to clear public places of high-decibel potable radios, just as earlier laws failed to wipe out the beer-soaked hooliganism that plagues many parks. Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say NO SMOKING. Respectably dressed pot smokers no longer bother to duck out of public sight to pass around joint. The flagrant use of cocaine is a festering scandal on middle and upper-class life. And then there are(hello, everybody!)the jaywalkers.16 Turn the following passage into Chinese．(山东师范大学2009研，考试科目：基础英语)If you expect something to turn out badly, it probably will. Pessimism is seldom disappointed. But the same principle also works in reverse. If you expect good things to happen, they usually do! There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success.Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectations. There is enough good and bad in everyone's life—ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain—to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse.I believe in the upward look. I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature. Sure, I know that sorrow exists. I am in my 70s now, and I've lived through more than one crisis. But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life far outweighs the bad.17 Turn the following passage into Chinese．(山东师范大学2008研，考试科目：基础英语)I believe we are now moving into a period similar to that after the last war where there isa general acceptance of the need for a mixed economy, that is, a capitalist economy combined with a substantial degree of government intervention. The key will be demand management and, in the longer term, dealing with the social consequences of a market economy. As the economies in the west become more stable, I think non-economic, non-materialistic issues such as the environment will come more to the political fore. And there may well be growing pressure for redistribution of wealth on a global scale.I don't expect to see another economic crisis of the scale of that in the 1970s for at least another fifteen years. When it does eventually come, it will probably be from some totally unexpected direction. Unemployment will continue to decline, and when people no longer fear the loss of their jobs, so a degree of complacency creeps in and their values change.It may well be exactly that process which, ironically, causes the next economic crisis, but it's a long way off yet!18 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(中国海洋大学2005研，考试科目：综合英语)There was a time not long ago when parents not only preached the virtues of work but practiced them. The work week was ten or fifteen hours longer than it is now for father, and his day off each week was a restorative to enable him to do a better job on the other six days. Now leisure has become a kind of job in its own light, and it is going to become still more of a job. When the work week shrinks, as economists say it will to twenty hours, it is going to be difficult indeed for father to preach to his children the old gospel that "the devil finds work for idle bands". There is plenty of evidence around us now ofwhat happens to young people deprived of the opportunity to work and without the resources, either cultural or social, to put their time to good use.But leisure has still further effects. At its worst it is corrosive and it is stultifying. It passively accepts what is put before it. It wallows in ways to make time pass—hours of sitting before the television or in aimless puttering. Or it can be dangerously aggressive against society, or against self, as in dope addiction or alcoholism. Less spectacular, but also corrosive, undirected leisure takes itself out to consumption for consumption's sake, in buying gadgets that save time, when time is the thing that least needs saving for the already time-ladened. It shows itself in ostentation and in competition with one's neighbors.19 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(郑州大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语)But what did Lincoln believe in his heart? He belonged to no denomination. Some historians consider that his inherited Calvinism was finally consecrated at Gettysburg. Biographer Allen C. Guelzo offers as balanced an analysis as is possible at this distance. Lincoln acknowledged " a Creator of all things, who had neither beginning nor end, " and viewed Jesus Christ as the redeemer of the world. And yet, he could not quite come "the whole way to belief". Acquainted with anguish, given to periods of private depression masked by public confidence, Lincoln would never escape a kind of fatalism. It precluded full acceptance of a personal relationship with a God who directed individual lives. As Guelzo writes, "Lincoln often wished that ' I was a more devout man than I am. ' "If be lacked the certitude of his mother's beliefs, or his stepmother's, nonetheless, he must have been sustained by their example. They provided for him a framework of faith to endure the nation's greatest trial.20 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese．(郑州大学2007研，考试科目：专业英语)Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring: for ornament, is in discourse: and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. For expert men can execute , and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one: but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth: to use them too much for ornament is affectation: to make judgement wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study: and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.。