Lesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sit across-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present ,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—similePut out the rhetorical devices used in the following sentences1．The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.( simile )2.Arethey really the same flesh as yourself ? ( rhetorical question )3. Do they even have names ? (rhetorical question)4. Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects? ( rhetorical question )5. …and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. ( euphemism )6….sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (simile )7. In the bazaar huge families of Jews, all dressed in the long-black robe and little black skull-cap, are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. (simile )8. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews…. ( transferred )9. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. ( synecdoche )10. What does Morocco mean to a Frenchman? An orange grove or a job in Government service ( elliptical sentence )11.Or an Englishman? Camels, castles, palm trees, Foreign Legionnaires, brass trays, and bandits.( )12. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields,… ( simile )13. All of them are mummified with age and the sun, and all of them are tiny. ( metaphor )14. This kind of thing makes one’s blood boil,..(hyperbole )15. How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? ( rhetorical question )16. And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men,… ( simile )17…while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ( simile )18. But there is one thought which every white man thinks when he sees a black army marchingpast…Every white man there had this thought …I had it, so had the other onlookers, so had the officers on their sweating chargers and the white N.C .Os…(repetition)Lesson31The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moved desultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once ther was a focus.—metaphor4The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6When E.M.Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorPut out the rhetorical devices used in the following sentences1.and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or justglows( mixed metaphor (simile metaphor)2.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been brokenor even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.( metaphor)3.Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place. ( -------- )4.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ( ---------- )5.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. ( hyperbole )6.The conversation was on wings. ( metaphor)7.…we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant( -------- )8.…we are still the heirs to it ( --------- )9.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…( simile )10.…and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the end of the earth ( --------- )11.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. ( -------- )12.--- but it ought not to be an ultimatum. ( --------- )13.…the king’s English slips and slides in conversation ( --------- )14.When E. M Foster writes of ― the sinister corridor of our age ,‖ we sit up at the viv id of thephrase, the force and even terror in the image. ( ------ )15.Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here andthere.( alliteration metaphor )16.We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.( metaphor )7Lesson41Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined bya hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit theslow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,suppor any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithsis4…in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax7And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, windingPoint out the rhetorical devices in the following sentences1.We observe today a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end aswell as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ( parallel structure )2.To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our goodwords into good deeds, in new alliance for progress, to assist freeman and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ( repetition )3.… bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of allnations.( repetition )4.Let both sides explore…, Let both sides formulate…, Let both sides seek…, Let both sidesunite …, ( parallel structure )5.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. ( parallel structure )6.To those old allies…, To those new states,… To those peoples…, To our sister republics southof our border…, To that world assembly…, To those nations … ( parallel structure )7.to enlarge the area in which its writ may run ( metaphor )8.… that stays the hand of mankind’s final war ( synecdoche )9.…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.( metaphor )10.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.. ( metaphor )11.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its ownhouse. (metaphor )12... to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of thenew and the weak. ( metaphor )13.And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion,…( metaphor )14.The energy, the devotion which we bring to the endeavor will light our country and all whoserve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. ( metaphor )15.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.( antithesis )16.…and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which thisnation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world (repetition)17.16. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike,… ( alliteration )18.… that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,…( metaphor )19.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and allforms of human life. ( repetition )20.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forbears fought is still at issue aroundthe globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state nut from the hand of God. ( repetition )21.Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East andWest, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? ( rhetorical question )22.Will you join in the historic effort? ( rhetorical question )23.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems whichdivide us. ( antithesis )24.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is littlewe can do,…( antithesis )Lesson101The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting‖sheik‖,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after theshooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenthcentury society.—metaphor5The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhancedsomewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had‖made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and‖Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood andChateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche高级英语第2册修辞练习第10课1.we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behindthe artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.( metaphor)2.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian socialstructure.(simile)3.this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at theend of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age (metaphor)4.Their homes were often uncomfortable to them; they had outgrown town andfamilies.(metaphor)5.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamedagainst war, Babbittry, and ―Puritannical‖ gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center.(metaphor)6.As it became more and more fashionable throughout the country for young persons to defythe law and conventions and to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of ―flaming youth.,‖ it was Greenwich Village that fanned the flame (metaphor)7.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,… now began to imitate the manners oftheir elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.(metaphor)8.but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where ―they do things better.‖ (personification; metaphor; metonymy)9.Greenwich Village set the pattern. ( metonymy)10.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollection to the middle-aged andcurious questions by the young.(transferred-epithet)11.Civilization in the United States,written by ― thirty intellectuals‖ under the editorship of J.Harold Stearns, was the rallying point of the sensitive persons disgusted with America.(metaphor)Lesson141 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon 2The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。