2. 掌握内在联系正确断句 我们的班主任姓王，五十开外，方脸， 一脸的胡子。 Mr. Wang, the head teacher responsible for our class, was over fifty. He had a square-shaped face with a full beard.
例2


1953年，英美两国计划对中国援朝部队使用原子弹，并准 备用核武器进攻中国。当这个消息由第三国外交官转告北 京时，新中国的领导人深感忧虑，立即作出了建立和发展 原子弹和导弹事业的决定。 In 1953, America and England planned to use atomic bombs against Chinese aiding troops in Korea and to attack China with nuclear weapons. When the news was transferred to Beijing from diplomatic sources of a third country, the leaders of new China felt deeply worried and immediately decided to set up and develop atomic bomb and missile cause.
一、独立主格结构 Nominative Absolute


1. n. + present participle phrase 到处都可以看见人们穿着节日服装，满脸笑容。 Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dresses, their faces shining with smiles. 天气要是合适的话，我们明天要到西山去玩。 Weather permitting, we‟ll go on an excursion to the Western Hill tomorrow.
汉英句子翻译 基本原理及主要方法
1. 句子处理： 汉英翻译重要环节
刚接触汉英翻译的人，最担心的往往是 哪个字不会说，于是查汉英词典成为翻 译的不二法门。而在难词查询完毕之后， 便依据原文语序进行翻译。 实际情况是，即使一个生字也没有，如 果句子组织不好，也无法达到翻译的目 的。

有经验的汉英译者往往对句子处理的基 本原则和方法一般都能做到心中有数， 即从宏观上把握翻译的方向，对宏观图 景有一定的预见。



3. 正确安排句子基本框架，主次清楚， 符合原意。 原文：大家都记得1979年秋天，当这个 总共只念过八年书、连英文字母也认不 全，而且已有三个孩子的女工，竟然报 名上电大英语班时，招来了多少惊讶的 目光。 难点分析：


大家都记得1979年秋天，当这个总共只念过八 年书、连英文字母也认不全，而且已有三个孩 子的女工，竟然报名上当地电大英语班时，招 来了多少惊讶的目光。 They remember how many astonished looks were cast at her in the autumn of 1979, when this woman worker with only 8 year‟s schooling, little acquaintance with the English alphabet and three children to look after, actually enrolled in the English class offered by the local TV university.
译文二


看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有 人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。 The sight of the miserable scene terrified the people, some of whom even harbored the intention of making a retreat.
举例1


外高桥保税区是中国大陆第一个自由贸易区，她是以 出口加工和自由贸易相结合的一个综合型对外开放区 域。位于浦东新区东北端，濒临长江口，距市中心20 公里。 改译：Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone is the first of its kind on China‟s mainland, or rather a comprehensive free trade zone open to the outside world characterized by free trade along with export processing. Overlooking the Yangtze River estuary, the zone is located in the northeast end of the Pudong New Area of Shanghai, 20 kilometers from the downtown district of the city proper.
举例2

离开道路数十丈处有座大屋，屋檐下站 着一个中年文士，一个十一二岁的小孩。 那文士见到这等情景，不禁长叹一声， 眼眶也红了，说道：“可怜，可怜！”
举例2

离开道路数十丈处有座大屋，屋檐下站着一个中年文 士，一个十一二岁的小孩。那文士见到这等情景，不 禁长叹一声，眼眶也红了，说道：“可怜，可怜！”

举例3

我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它黑 黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的模样;谁也不知 道是什么时候留在这里的，谁也不去理 会它。只是麦收时节，门前摊了麦子， 奶奶总是要说:这块丑石，多碍地面哟， 多时把它搬走吧。（五分钟时间理思路）
参考译文


我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它黑黝黝地卧在那 里，牛似的模样;谁也不知道是什么时候留在这里的， 谁也不去理会它。只是麦收时节，门前摊了麦子，奶 奶总是要说:这块丑石，多碍地面哟，多时把它搬走吧。 I used to feel sorry for that ugly black piece of stone lying like an ox in front of our door; none knew when it was left there and none paid any attention to it，except at the time when wheat was harvested and my grandma， seeing the grains of wheat spread all over the ground in the front yard of the house，would grumble: “This ugly stone takes so much space. Move it away someday.”
举例一个自由贸易区， 她是以出口加工和自由贸易相结合的一个综合 型对外开放区域。位于浦东新区东北端，濒临 长江口，距市中心20公里。 直译：Waigaoqiao Bonded Area, situated at the northeast end of Pudong New Area, bordering on the estuary of the Changjiang River, and from the Bonded Area, city proper being 20km., is the first free trade area in the Mainland of China, which is a comprehensive open area combining export processing with free trade.
结构差异带来的启示


e.g. ……在这一年半中，她抄写、背写英 语单词的纸，累起来可达桌子高。…… In that year and a half, the paper on which she had copied English words or written them down from memory, if stacked up, could reach the table from the floor.
2. 语篇意识


语篇意识是指把整个语篇视为一个整体，注重 其内在连贯性(coherence)，也就是注重文章思 路和逻辑，注意上下文联系。连贯性是通过 Cohesion来实现的，就是把上下文联系起来的 那些词汇和语法手段，如连词、代词、指示词 以及起连接作用的短语和句式等。 如果缺乏整体观，翻译中只会盯住一个个孤立 的句子，译出来的句子语法正确，但上下文无 法串联或明显累赘，头绪混乱，看不出来龙去 脉。
看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有 人甚至有了撤退的心思。 原文思路： 1. 改写为欧化中文：大家如此惊慌以致 于…… (so…that & such… that) 2. 理清逻辑：整体与部分（大家---有人）

译文一



看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有人甚至 有了打退堂鼓的心思。 The sight of the miserable scene threw people into such a panic that some of them even had the idea of making a retreat. The sight of the miserable scene made people so panic-stricken that some of them even conceived of/entertained the idea of making a retreat.
汉英句子的基本原理