12. Rockwell and his worksNorman Rockwell was a famous American illustrator and cover artist. Many of his works had become well-known by the middle of the 20th century. Critics spoke highly of his works. For example, according to one critic, “Most artists affect us by surprising us. Rockwell affects us by giving us exactly what we expect.” The following are just a few examples of his magazine covers.Cover one One of the best-known of all Rockwell’s covers! This painting is made up of two parts:the upper and the lower. . @Each detail in the lower picture is carefully matched with something in the upper part, so the result is kind of humorous. In this way, the painting presents the children’s moods in a sharp contrast: very happy when setting ou t and very tired and bored when coming back.Cover two This painting shows Rockwell’s skills as a story teller. It tells an ordinary story about a school boy. The boy is busy with his studies. Outside the window a fishing pole is ready, and the boy’s dog is waiting i mpatiently. To the boy, these last days of schoolwork before the summer vacation seem the longest. . @They appear more so as the final examination is d rawing near. This is an old story of school children, but Rockwell tells it vividly in a simple way.Cover three In this painting, a young mother is trying hard to make up her mind: to spank or to spare her naughty child. . @The broken clock on the floor suggests that the child has behaved in an entirely natural manner. When a hammer is within his reach, he breaks something with the hammer! At the time the painting was completed, the Rockwells were already parents. So the cover story perhaps describes the artist’s own life experience. . @With this experience, Rockwell could make every detail come alive in this painting.13. A brief look at two metropolisesNEW YORK In the 19th century, a businessman predicated that New York was going to become the centre of the world. His prediction has partly come true. . @Today, New York is often regarded as one of the financial and cultural capitals of the Western World. The United Nations has it s headquarters in the city as well.New York, where t he world-famous twin towers of the World Trade Center were once located, is known as a city of skyscrapers. There are parks, great museums, art galleries, grand theatres and cinemas for visitors as well. However, like many other cities in the world, New York also has its own problems---noise, air pollution, crimes, traffic jams, and slums.. @Still, the fast, exciting pace of life in New York City is fascinating and this may be a reason why the city conti nues to fascinate more and more people.LONDON London was once known as a city of fog. At that time, many Londoners did not expect that their city would change for the better. However, heavy fog is now rarely seen in London.. @As a city with a long history, London has also gone through many changes. The days are gone when horse-drawn carriages were a common sight in the street. Now London is famous for its excellent underground service and the red double-deckers have become a symbol of the city. . @T he second half of the 20th century saw great changes in the city. Skyscrapers have sprung up; business centres for the 21st century are also growing fast.However, London has kept its heart. People can still enjoy themselves with a cup of tea in Convent Garden(科文特加登广场). Some of the narrow roads that lead to churchesare still there,taking people back to London’s old days. . @Although there are such concerns as heavy traffic, crowded shops and dirty streets in some areas, to many people, London remains the most interesting and wonderful city in the world.14. The time capsule of Colorado SpringsIn 1901, the citizens of Colorado Springs(科罗拉多泉市) in the USA decided to collect everyday items and to sea l them in a steel box. The box was marked “To be opened after midnight, December 31st, AD 2000”, and was stored in the Colorado College Library.. @One hundred years later, on the appointed day, 300 people gathered to watch the opening of the box.Many in the crowd were in very good condition. There were newspapers, photographs, diaries, name cards, family trees, books and dozens of letters, including one written by Theodore Roosevelt(西奥多·罗斯福，美国第26任总统), who became the President of the USA later that year. One of Roosevelt’s friends lived in Colorado Springs at that time.Many of the letters were addressed to their descendants. They describe the hopes that the people of 1901 had for the people of the next century. At that time, Colorado Springs had just a few thousand residents. Now nearly half a million people live there.. @Colorado College Library has scanned the materials and put them on a website. Cecil Muller, whose grandfather had placed a collection of postcards in the box, said that the time capsule was a great treasure. “This is a wonderful educational resource. We can learn so much about our history,” he said. “I never knew m y grandfather, but now I f eel close to him.”. @In April 2001, a committee filled the time capsule with items from modern Colorado Springs and resealed it for another hundred years.15. The growth of the Internet. @The Internet began as a tool to connect universities and government research centres through a nationwide network.It would allow a large number of computers to exchange information and share resources. Its development was pushed forward by ARPA---the Advanced Research Projects Agency, which was established in the United States in 1958. In 1969 ARPA began to focus on communications technology. Then i n the early 1970s, the ARPA net came into being. This network laid the foundation for the Internet. In 1972, electronic mail was introduced.. @At the same time in Europe, researchers were struggling with t heir own computer networking problems.In 1989, a scientist proposed the World Wide Web project. Over the next year or two, the proposal was discussed and revised, which resulted in the programme called the World Wide Web. In 1992, its browser software was introduced to the public.The early browsers functioned well but were not “user-friendly”. In 1993, a group of graduated students in the USA created Mosaic---a “browser” programm e. . @Mosaic was pleasing to the eye and easy to use---just point and click. Netscape(美国网景公司) and then Microsoft followed with browsers that greatly simplified the process of surfing the Internet in search of information.. @Today, the Internet is changing our life style, cultural patterns, business practices, and ways of learning and doing research. It helps people keep up to date on world events, find a cheap flight, play games, and discuss everything from apples to space technology. An increasing number of people shop and bank on the Internet; many do business online. It enables people to browse online hundreds of thousands of magazines and books inlibraries worldwide.. @The Internet is not owned or controlled by any company or nation. People can use the Net at home, in offices, at schools and universities, in public libraries or “cyber cafes”. It connects people in different countries instantly through computers, satellites, and phone lines. It is making our life easier and more efficient.“The Global Village” was coined to describe how radio and television had changed the world in the 20th century. . @In the 21st century, it seems the Internet is sure to have an even greater influence.16. HackingBy the end of 1946, technology had advanced so greatly as to make the electronic computer a part of life. The year 1976 saw the appearance of a more advanced type of compute r, which was performing 100 million calculations a second. This record, however, was quickly rewritten. . @The fast development of computer speed brings endless benefits to human life. There are always two sides to a thing, though.There are problems with using computers and storing useful data in them. In 1988, a US official said that a German student had been regularly reading their top secret papers. That student had been able to carry out his break-ins without leaving home. That was a typical example of “hacking”. . @A “hacker” is a highly skilled computer user who spends his free time reading the secret files of others.A hacker needs only to discover the password that gives entry to a network. With clever guesswork, this can be done simply by trying again and again.A lot of hackers are only in it for fun---like Robert Schifreen and Steve Gold, who had read all the data in Prince Philip’s electronic mailbox before the police discovered the hacking.The possibility for hackers to commit crimes is great. In the 1980s some experts pointed out that American banks were losing up to$5,000 million a year to computer crimes. Once a hacker gained entry to a bank’s system, he could order it to move large sums of money to another bank in a foreign country---just what a traditional robber would do.. @Today computers are making life easier and far more comfortable.The evils, however, are also growing with the development of computer knowledge and techniques. . @It seems that the struggle against computer crimes will continue into the future.Fill in the blanks using the following words:another, other, the other, others, the others, any other, some otheranother__ man’s poison.2.There’s room for _another__ few people in the back of the bus.3.The strike may last _another__ six weeks.4.The little girl slowly closed one eye and then _the other___.5.Have you __any other___ book on this subject?6.There must be __(some) other__ ways to solve the problem.others_ don’t.any other_ ?9. I don’t like this wine, I like _some other__ wine.10.I can’t do the fourth and fifth questions but I’ve done all __theothers____.1.In some countries, many people were killed by eating poisonous fish;______ others were crippled for life.A. more C. the D. most2.Some people like to stay at home on Sunday, but ________ like to go to the cinema.A. anotherB. other D. other one3.I have five color pencils, one is red, another is blue and _______ are green.A. otherB. othersC. the other4.He has a book in one hand, and a pen in ______A. anotherB. other D. others5.This typewriter isn’t good, I want ____ typewriter.A. some other C. other D. any other6.Coca Cola is cheaper than ______ in this restaurant.A. any drinkB. all drinksD. all the drinks7. Kim and Tony weren’t the only people in the garden. There _____A. were some other ones C. was anotherD. was some one more8.We looked at four cars today. The first two were too expensive, but ____ ones were reasonably priced.A. otherB. others D. another9.Lee contributed fifty dollars, but he wished he could contributed________.B. the same amount alsoC. one other fifty dollarsD. more fifty dollars1.more than + 数词= over2.more than + n. = not only不只，不仅仅，远不止3.more than +can/could = not 不能4.more than + v. =very，深为5.more than + adj./ adv. = very非常，不仅仅，远不止6.more than one = many a 不止一个1.other than = but, excepta.Someone other than your brother should be appointed (as) manager.b.You can’t get there other than by swimming.2.other than= different(ly) from, nota.She is other than I thought.b.She seldom appears other than happy.rather than = instead of 不愿，不要，不是a.I think I’ll have a cold tea rather than coffee.b.Rather than risk breaking up his marriage he told his wife everything.Fill in the blanks using the following words:more than, other than, rather than1.The color seems green __rather than__blue.2.He is an artist __rather than__ a philosopher..3.There are _more than__ 60 students in our class.4…. and until very recently no school lessons were held in languages _other than_ English.5. _rather than_ go there I’d like to stay here on my own.6.He __more than_ smiled, he laughed outright.7.We missed the last bus so there was no choice __other than__ to walk home.8. There was nothing to do __other than_ wait.9.He is _more than__ selfish.1. In no country _______ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.B. more thanC. better thanD. rather than2. He came all the way to China for promoting friendship _____ for making money.A. other thanB. more thanC. better than3. The weather turned out to be very good, which was _____ we could expect.A. other thanC. no more thanD. rather than。