全新版大学英语综合教程 4 【第二版】习题答案 主编：李荫华 上海外语教育出版社Unit 1 Part II Text Alexf OrganizationUnionrekoned with in any military campaign.2.Parts Part OneParagraphs Paras 1-2Main IdeasIntroduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Part Three Paras 12-20 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Part FourPara 21Conclusion — the elements of nature must be Sections Section OneParagraphs Paras 12-13Main IdeasHitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's Section Two Paras 14-18 scorched earth policythe battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabulary I. 1. 1) alliance2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus 7) declarations 9) raw11) have taken their toll 6) regions 8) siege10) bide his time 12) in the case of 2. 1) is faced with3) is pressing on / pressed on 5) get by2) get bogged down 4) drag on 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest ofcancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by thedelayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers ' strike3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/shouldnever get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out ofdate /obso lete.4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give upthe occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regionsto build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckonwith this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be broughtto a halt by constant internal strugglein an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victoryagainst the Germans. In fact, this battle turned thetide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troopswithstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching aseries of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas.Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomytrenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/ homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deafear to all my words .4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragilebody could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciategood health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks —and nobody knewanything about it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm —you could easily getburned, especially if you fall asleep .5) In those days people believed in marrying young and havingchildren early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign9. reckon with(B)1. allow2. stand in the way4. catching... off his guard 6. declaration8. drag on10. bringing...to a halt2. reckoned3. highly5. rapidly7. delivery 9. observing II. Translation 4. forecasts 6. instant 8. advantage 10. Powerful1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumnharvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the mostsophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is gettingincreasingly desperate .4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient , and accurate in hisjudgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the villageneighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained muchground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text A Vocabulary3. 1) ⋯ incorporates all the latest safety features2) ⋯ two trees ten feet apart3) ⋯ awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) ⋯ the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make thecars.5) ⋯ are correlated in all racial groups1. 1) expansion2) automated 5) hazards6) satellite 9) bunched 10) in the air12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for5) starting up6) went through3) vapor 4) take control of 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 11) got/was stuckin 3) pass for 4) were closing in on 7) fill out8) fall into4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to 2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency 3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard II. Word FormationClipped Words Blends Kilo kilogram Medicaremedical careMemo memorandum email electronic mail gymgymnasiumcomsatcommunicationssatellitelib liberation newscast news broadcast doc doctor skyjack sky hijack vet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar prep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunch autoautomobiletelecasttelevision broadcast flu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and Cambridge III. 1. swimming pool2. drawing board3. enriched Middle English4. disturbing change foods 7. working population Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze1.manufacturingII. Translation 1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in thedistance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing asignificant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.6. Canned5. fully developed prototype 8. puzzling differences1) computerized2) start up 5)hazards 6) monotonous 3) be poised to 7) take control of 4) alert 8) steer9) lane10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates enabled 2) related3) revolutionized5) opportunities6) overall4) 7) 8) dependent 9) interact10) fatalities3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closelycorrelated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutesrecently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal fromthe coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Text AContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore illqualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -backhandcourt.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does. 8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different. 9. His efforts to make a difference.10. He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.Text Organization 1. An ill-prepared college graduate failedFour pieces of advice on being aMake your own tracks in whatever youExamples 1) Michael Jordan2)a 90-year-old tennis player3)the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the Vietnam veteran.4) a New York(3) grill (4) clippings(7) indicating (8 )hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage Focus I. 1.Parts Paragraphs Part One Paras 1- 6Part TwoParas 7-27 Part ThreeParas 28-31do.2.Main Ideas Suggestions1) Prepare to win.2) Never stop learning.his interview.successful interviewee.3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 4) Find a way to make a difference. cabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement 1.(1) checked with (2) interview (5) be right for (6) follow up1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made adifference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8)prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crackat 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up 5) build in3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King 'spalace3) will be in readers ' hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1 )applicants,veteran, the prospective2 )From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptable III. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I 'll talkabout myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I havesomething here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who canread the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I 'm going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, Iwill see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort aspossible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteranpilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she hadundergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we 'llhave the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I wouldhave made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks fora snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with strongerstructures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AText rganization1.1. Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.2. Davos Man sees their identity as a mater of personal choice, not an accident ofbirth.3. Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.4. Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected market-placein which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.Vocabulary I.1) advantageous 2) let alone1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus. 2) Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world 's biggest car maker.3) Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters.4) Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5) She doesn 't even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal. 5. a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance between c) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scale3) witnessing/vanishing 5) entitled 7) Establishment 9) contradictions 11) divorced4) landmark 6) displace8) patriotic/strengthen 10) aspires 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 3) believed in 5) take in 7) clean up3.2) dozed off 4) was set apart6) sucks in 8) turn awayIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn 't notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive Exercises6. features8. qualitatively 10. DistinguishingII. Translation1.) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary caresmore about her personal growth.4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you? 5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies toI. Cloze(A)1. academics 3. a variety of 5. vanish 7. endorsing9. sweeping aside 11. erasing (B) 1. aided 3.distances2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic 12. strike a2.effects 4. connected5. invested 7. prevailing 9. volume2．Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don 't seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.Unit 5 TextA oganization 1. Parts Part One Paragraphs Paras 1 It is no easy to jud M g a e i n p e Id o e p a le s , for they aren they appear to be't always whatPart TwoParas 2-3Kind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant,Part Three Paras 4-51a H p is p t e o a ry r e o d f g a l s ob if a h li e z ac t o io u n ld a n n o d t i b tse a re r c to e n h t u t r r t e a nd fl s y .a nd future prospectsVocabulary I1) In a way 2) in accordance3) vacancy 4) in goodcondition5) transparent6) rub7) spicy8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about 5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company 's rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it 's getting too long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except that1.III.Comprehensive exercisesI. Cloze1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). was1.taken abackspell 10). arrestedII. Translation1.1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he issomething of an adventurer. 2) He is capable of sticking tothe task at hand, even if he is exposed tonoises.3) The trademark was registeredin accordance withthe laws hithertoin force.4) Oddly enough , many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, butonly a fewturned up .5) The teacher 's affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changedthe way Mike perceived the society and himself. 2. For my own part , I find that appearances are all too often6). in good condition 7). constitution8 ). go all to pieces9). Gone broke 10). vacancy11). mild12 ) . deceptive2.1). suspected2) . pleading3 ). confirmed4) stunned5) lucrative 6). jewellery7). wealthy8). urge9).deceptive . Forinstance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid . Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny 's death. Without doubt, Burton was aman with a heart of stone.Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life ”Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 3is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.Vocabulary 4reaction to; discontent; provokedconvention; evading tax; the confines ofa burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) HonoraryIII. UsageDealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species –be it an elephant or an orchid –in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn 't money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslationThey are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at thesame time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domesticresponsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7 TextAVocabulary:I1) 1. divined 2. nerves 3. solidarity 4. sacred;5. coated take revenge on 11. revolves12. denounced 2) 1. drop ⋯ off2. applied for3. went off4. are mourn6. perish7. hijack 8. grief 9. farewell 10.gaining on5. bring down6. blotted out7. think back on8. picking at3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 20082. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?3. not in the mood to go out4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives3. in the space of; no illusionII. Collocation:1. a little of2. a few; most of // many of3. much4. few5. many6. many of7. much of8. little9. few of 10. SomeIII. U sage:1. As the boy grew older2. she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale3. they don 't see themselves as servants of the people4. As she had left her key in the office5. Just do as you are told6. Areas once regarded as rural7. as they do in China8. As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive Exercises:I. Cloze1. Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started 1. mood2. tragic of4. chaos5. toppling6. solidarity thinking back on9. mourning10. perished2) Theme-related1. crashed2. h orrible 3 remove6. utterly7. truly 10.devastatingII.Translation1)3. in the (immediate) aftermath7. take revenge on 8.harsh 4. protect 5.8. justify 9. rewardeda coup, 1) Text-relatedtoppling the government and throwing the country into chaos.2. The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly3. Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of theAllies was the natural product of the development of political and militarycircumstances then.4. Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he wasin no mood for q quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.5. People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their lovedones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2):Today, long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people 's hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.。