名词一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。

可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等)。

如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。

不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

二、可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。

名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。

如：book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。

如：bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。

如：city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。

4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。

如：half → halves leaf → l eaves knife → knives wife → wives5. 特例 [悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。

]①child → children②man → men woman → women policeman → policemen policewoman-policewomen③tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo → photos ]④ foo t → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话： oo变成ee。

]⑤ mouse-mice⑥ fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。

]⑦ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。

三、不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。

2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义发生变化。

如：water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。

如：fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs写出下列各词的复数I _________him _________this ___________her ______watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________*** 用所给名词的适当形式填空。

1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some________(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.5. There are five________(people ) in his family.6. Let's take________(photo), OK?7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their________(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white________(hair).12. They are________(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.一般现在时一般现在时的功能1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与 always，often，usually，every day，sometimes等连用。

如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

2.表示客观事实。

如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

3.用在格言或谚语中。

如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

一般现在时的构成1. be动词：陈述句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。

如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。

如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。

如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词：陈述句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。

如：We study English.我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。

如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。

如：I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。

如：He doesn't often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。

如：Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。

如：Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：How does your father go to work?第三人称单数动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时练习：一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________look _________ have_______pass_____ __ carry _ ___come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ___ __ ___(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy ___ __ ____(be) in Class One.3. We ___ __ ____(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick ___ __ ____(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. ____ __ __ they _____ __ ___(like) the World Cup?6. What ______ __ _they often ____ __ ___(do) on Saturdays?7. ____ __ ___ your parents ____ __ ___(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl ____ __ ___(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I ___ __ _____(take) a walk together every evening.10. There ______ __ __(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike ___ __ ____(like) cooking.12. They ___ __ ____(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt ____ __ ___(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always __ __ _____(do) your homework well.15. I ____ __ ___(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.16. She __ __ _____(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao __ _______(do) not like PE.18. The child often ____ __ ___(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang __ _______(have) eight lessons this term.20. －What day ___ __ ____(be) it today?－It’s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)____________________________________________________________________________________3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)___________________________________________________________________________________4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_______________________________________________________6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________________8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)___________________________________________________9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)________________________________________________________________________________________10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? __________________2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________3. He likes play games after class. __________________4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________一般过去时1．一般过去时的功能（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。