初中英语语法---时态一、一般现在时:1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况以及客观真理。
2.时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.3.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词4.否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.动词的第三人称词尾变化:当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es:7. 一般现在时的用法1)表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。
常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never。
频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。
例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。
I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2)表示现在的状态。
例如:My father is at work. He is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙。
The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。
3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
4)表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
5)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。
但只限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive, return, take place等。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。
6)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take the job , they will talk with you in details.如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈细节。
即学即练一、给出下列动词的第三人称单数talk______ forget________ hope______stop______write_______ relax________perform_________play______say______buy______ worry______ catch_________fly______study_______like_______make______take______love______ pass_______recite_______go________come______drive_______shine_______wish________二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Miss Guo ______ (teach) us Chinese this term. She ______ (be) a very good teacher. She often ______ (talk) with us after class. Many of us like ______ (talk) with her.2. Where ______ their father______ (work)? He ______ (work) on a farm.3. If he _______(arrive), please give me a phone call.4.She ____ (go) to school at eight o’clock.5.The teacher told us that the sun______ (rise) in the east.三、根据要求改写句子。
1.She has a nice cap.(变为否定句)2.They play football in the garden everyday.(变一般疑问句,并做肯定及否定回答)3. There is an egg in the basket.(变成复数形式的句子)二、一般过去时:1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词4.否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6. 动词过去式的规则变化:7. 一般过去时的用法1)表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。
例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?We visited the factory last week. 上周我们参观了那家工厂。
2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。
常与often, always等表示频度的副词连用。
例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
When I was in the countryside, I always swam in the river.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。
3)一般过去式也可与today, this week, this month, this year等表现在的时间壮语连用,但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。
例如:Did you see him today? 今天你看见他了吗?4)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定的时间状语,但实际上是指过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。
例如:I don’t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
I thought you were ill.我以为你病了。
即学即练一、将下列动词变成过去式。
look_______ watch_______ like______ hope______ decide______ plan______stop_______ carry______ study______ play______ stay______ let______put_______ read_______ catch _____ teach_____ buy______ bring______think ______ sit_____ write______ drive_______ ring______ sink______run______ give_______ win _______ know ______ grow______ throw_______ draw _____ show_____ feel______ sleep_______ keep_____ meet_______二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I_______________ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.2. — What day_____________ (be) it yesterday? — It______________ (be) Friday.3. She_____________ (give) me a book a moment ago.4. The girl___________ (get) up very early this morning.5. I didn’t know that he _______(be) an English teacher.三、按要求改写下列各句。
1. I was at home this morning. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)2. He did morning exercises in the morning. (改为否定句)3. They had a big dinner yesterday. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)4. I went to see my uncle last Sunday. (改为否定句)三、现在进行时:1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.动词V-ing的构成形式7、现在进行时的用法:1、表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。
常与now, right now, at this moment 等时间壮语连用。
例如:We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。
2、表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。
说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。