英语写作手册考试题目一、填空。

1.Thewordsthatareoftenusedmaybedivided,fromastylisticpoin tofview,intothree2.3.Agrammaticallycompletesentenceisonethatc ontainsatleastanda4.Accordingtotheiruse,sentencesare5.Alooses entenceputsthemainideabeforeallsupplementaryinformation;inoth erwords,itputsfirstthingsfirst,andletsthereadersknowwhatiti smainlyaboutwhentheyhavereadthefirstfewwords.Thereversearrang ementmakesaperiodicsentence:themainideaisexpressedatornearthe endofit,anditisnotgrammaticallycompleteuntiltheendisreached.(松散句，圆周句P39)6.7.Inductivereasoning:whenyouuseinduction,youstartwithfa ctsandproceedfromfactstoageneralconclusion.Inotherwords,youmovefromspecifi cexamplestoageneralstatement.Deductivereasoning:Theprocessisjusttheoppositeofinductive reasoning—itmovesfromageneralstatementtosspecificconclusion.Itworksonth emodelofsyllogism—athree-partargumentinwhichtherearetwostatements,knownasthemajorpremi seandtheminorpremise,andaconclusion.8.Theprocessofwritingaresearchpaperisgenerallydividedinto fivestepsorstages:?Choosingatopic;?Collectinginformation;?Analyzingtheinformation,organizingideas,andworkingoutand outline;?Writingthefirstdraft;?Revisingthedraftandfinalizingthepaper.二．修辞辨别。

Namethefiguresofspeechusedineachofthefollowingsentences:( p21-22)1.Herrichrelativerainedbirthdaypresentsonheronlyson.(隐喻：metaphor)2.Wrongideasmanyharmmanjustlikediseases.(明喻：simile)3.Somewordsmaybedefacedbycarelessusage.(拟人：personification)4.Theleavesaretremblinginthecoldwind.(拟人：personification)5.Thestormwassoangrythatitwantedtodestroyeverythinginitsw ay.(personification)6.ManypeoplebowedbeforeForce,buteventuallyForcewouldsurre ndertoReason.(Personification)7.Selflesspeoplearelikecows,whicheatstrawbutproducemilk.( simile)8.“whatdoyouthinkoftheroastduck?”“Notbad.”(Understate ment)9.Hisfriendspraisedhi sdaughter’sperformancestotheskies.( Overstatement)10.Hiswritingisclearandclean.(Alliteration头韵)11.Hisunfriendlytonguesurprisedher.(metonymy换喻)12.ThereisfertilesoilforpopularmusicinChinatoday.(Metapho r)三．名词解释。

1.Narration（陈述）:Tonarrateistogiveanaccountofaneventoraseriesofevents.Ini tsbroadestsense,narrativewritingincludesstories,realorimagi nary,biographies,histories,newsitems,andnarrativepoems.2.Exposition(说明文):Anexpositorypaperexplainsorexploressomething,suchasthe processofmakingamachine,thecausesofanaturalorsocialphenom enon,theplanningofaproject,orthesolutionofaproblem.parisonandcontrast:Acomparisonexplainshowthingsaresimilar ,andacontrast,howtheyaredifferent.4.Divisionandclassification:Divisionisusedtodealwithoneth ing.Itspurposeistoseparatethatthingintoparts.Classification,ontheotherhand, isusedtoorganizethingswhichsharecertainqualities.Itspurposeis togroupthesethingssystematically.四．简答：1.Threemainpartsofabookreport.Generallyspeaking,abookreportconsistsofthefollowingthreem ainparts:?Informationabouttheauthorandhistimes;?Asummaryofthebook;?Commentsonit.2.Whilewritingourfirstdraft,howmanypointsshouldwepayourat tentionto?1)Usingyourownwords;2)Usingpropertenses3)Usingfactsandviews4)Payingattentiontologicandorganization5)Makingyourtoneobjectiveratherthanpersonal6)Choosingtherightstyle.五．写作（任选一题）1．TheproblemsIhaveinstudyingEnglish.范文一：Englishisoneoftherequiredcoursesinallcollegesanduniversitiesa crossthecountry.Unfortunately,IhaveseveralproblemsinmyEnglish study,whichmakemegraduallyloseconfidence.Foronething,Ieasilyf orgetthenewwordsthatIhavememoried.Foranother,Ialwaysmisunders tandthemeaningsofsomewords.also,IfeelnervorswheneverIspeakEng lishinclass.Ithinkthattherearereasonsexplainingmyproblems.Themainreas oninthatIam"forced"tostudyEnglishmarelyforexaminations.Besides,Ialwaysreadnewwordsoneafteranother,tryingtomemorisethemmech anically,whichmakesmefeelverydull.Inviewofallthatmentionedabove,Iwilltaketwomeasurestosolve myproblems.Firstly,IwillstudyEnglishoutofinterest.Secondly,Iw illpracticemyoralEnglishmoreanddomorereadingexercise.Inaword, IbelieveIcansolvemyproblemssuccessfulwithsuchefforts.范文二：AlthoughIlikeenglishverymush,englishissodiffculttome.NowI amstudyingenglishatcollege.Therearesomeproblemsinmystudyi ngenglish.Goasthefollowing:First,Vocabularyisnotenough.WhenIwasreadingaartical,Icann otunderstandtheessay.BecauseIdonnotknowwhatismeanofsomewords.Secondly,Thegrammerisnotgood.Icannotinstratethesentenceve rywell.Also,thesentencecannotbelinkedupbyme.So,Icouldnotwriteagoodartical.Third,Thelisteningisnotgoodtoo.WhenIwaslisteningastory.Ic annotunderstandatall.Asforthegoodenglish,thereisstillalongdis tanceformetocover!IwishIcouldspeakenglishverywell!So,fromnowon,Imustworkhard!Go!范文三：StudyingEnglishisnotveryeasy.IhavemanyproblemsinStudyingit.First,spokenEnglishisthemostdifficultproblemforme.Iwasals oafraidtospeakinclass,becauseIthoughtmyclassmatesmightlaughatme.Secondly,listeningisanotherproblem.Englishisoursecondlang uage.itwasn'teasyformetounderstandtheteacherwhenshetalked Thirdly,IusuallymakemistakesingrammarLastbutnotleast,Ifindtorememberthewordsisahardjob.Because ChineseisdifferentfromEnglish.Rememberringsomanywordsisreally hardforus.ThoughtherearemanyproblemsinEnglishlearning.ButItrustthat Icandoitwell,ifIpaymuchattentiontoit.2．Failurea.Relationshipbetweenfailureandsuccessb.Howtoturnfailureintosuccessc.Givedetailedexampleofyourexperience。