V-ing作定语和状语Ⅰ. V-ing 作定语单个的V-ing作定语,常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语;V-ing短语作定语,则放在被修饰名词的后面,作后置定语。
1.V-ing作定语,说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。
He may be in the reading room . (read) 他可能在阅览室里。
They set up an _______________ table. (operate) 他们搭起一个手术台。
2.V-ing 作定语,表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系,并且表示动作正在进行。
There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。
Who is the woman_________________our English teacher?( talk) 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁?3.有些V-ing已经转化成了形容词,常用作定语修饰物,表示“令人……”:exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。
①That must be a ______________experience. (terrify) 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。
②The experiment was____________________________. (amaze) 那实验是一个惊人的成功。
Ⅱ. V-ing作状语V-ing (短语)可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语(通常用不定式表目的状语)。
V-ing作状语,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语________,且分词必须和句中的主语是逻辑上的__________关系。
1. 作时间状语_________________________, he jumped with joy.(hear) 当听到这个好消息时,他高兴地跳了起来。
2. 作结果状语The boy ran even faster,reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。
The song is sung all over the country, ________________________ song.( make) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。
3. 作伴随状语与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。
He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window.他站在窗前,望着来来往往的人们。
_____________________, they went into the room .( talk) 他们有说有笑地走进房间。
4. 作原因状语Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。
___________________, he didn‟t go to school.(be) 由于生病,他没有上学。
注意:表示原因的V-ing 形式一般位于句首,相当于一个原因状语从句。
其否定式直接在句首加not . ______________________her address, , we couldn‟t get in touch with her. ( know) 由于不知道她地址,我们无法和她联系。
5. 作让步状语Being young,the little boy knows a lot about computer.尽管这个小男孩很小,但是他懂得很多电脑知识。
_________________ here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. (live)虽然我在这儿住了四年,我对邻居们都还不熟悉。
6. 作条件状语Heating water, we can change it into vapor. 把水加热,我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。
_____________ahead, you will see a white house.( walk) 一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色的房子。
7. 作方式状语____________________, we visited many places. (travel) 我们乘车游览了许多地方。
注意:1.当v-ing所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时,应使用__________式:_________________①After he finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.=___________________his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.他完成作业后冲出去打篮球。
②After he closed the windows, he went out of the classroom.=____________________the windows, he went out of the classroom. 关上窗户后,他走出教室。
2.当v-ing与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时,应该使用________式:_________.The tall building ___________________ now is our new school.( build) 正在被修建的那栋大楼是我们的新学校。
3. V-ing作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语_______________。
①Rushing into the dining-room, I found super was waiting for. ()②Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me. ()Ⅲ. 连词+ V-ingV-ing作状语时,相当于省略的状语从句。
由when / while / after / before / if /though / unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态,则可以省略从句的主语,而保留原连词,形成"连词+现在分词"的结构形式。
1.Though they lacked(缺少)money, his parents managed to send him to university.=______________________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.2.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.=_____________________________, I came across an old friend of mine.3.Unless I was invited, I wouldn‟t go to the party.=_____________________, I wouldn‟t go to the party.4.As I am a student, I must study hard.= _________________a student, I must study hard.Ⅳ. 独立主格结构1.V-ing作状语时,V-ing的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持____________。
当V-ing逻辑主语与句子的主语__________,而带有自己逻辑主语时,这样的结构叫______________结构。
表示伴随,时间、原因、条件等。
①____________________________, they decided to put the meeting off.(absent)由于许多人都缺席了,他们决定取消这次会议。
②Many students________________________, I explained the story into details.( stand) 我详细地解释这个故事,周围站着许多学生。
③_______________________, we will pay a visit to the whole city. (permit)时间允许的话,我们将参观整座城市。
④_________________________, we had to stay at home.( rain)由于天下大雨,所以我们不得不呆在家里。
2.有些分词作状语时,其形式的选用不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分或插入语。
常见的有:generally / frankly/ strictly speaking 一般而言/坦率地说/ 严格地说judging from /by 根据…来判断taking …into consideration /considering考虑到…;鉴于…supposing / providing /provided that 如果compared with 与…相比①_________________________ , you …d better have a rest .( Consider) 鉴于你的健康,你最好休息。
②_________________________ , he is from the south . (judge) 从他的口音判断,他来自于南方。
③_________________________, his answer is right . (speak) 一般来说,他的答案是对的。
Ⅴ.Practice:1. It‟s a pleasure to watch the face of a _______ baby.(sleep) 看着睡着的婴儿的脸是一件愉快的事。
2. _______________________, I still think she hasn't tried her best. (admit) 尽管承认她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没有尽到最大的努力。