动名词成份复习一、主语1. Sharing and giving are very important at Christmas2. 形式主语It is useless (no use) doing sth.It is no good doing sth.It is a waste of time doing sth.二、宾语1.形式宾语I find it hard (a hard thing) translating Chinese poems into English.sb. find it + n./adj. doing sth.动词：believe, consider, feel, find, imagine, make, think2.sb. suggest doing sth.acknowledge = admit = confess; admire; appreciate(欣赏); avoid; ban(禁止); consider(考虑); delay = postpone; deny; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse = forgive; favour(支持); finish = complete; forbid; forgive; imagine = fancy; include; involve; keep; mention(提到); mind; miss; practice; quit(停止); resist(抵抗); risk(冒险); stand(容忍); suggest3.sb. allow doing sth.sb. to do sth.allow = permit (permi tted, permi tted); forbid (for bade, for bidden) ; advise = recommend; encourage4.sb. regret doing sth. 后悔to do sth. 遗憾sb. regret doing sth. 后悔sb. regret to do sth. 遗憾sth. mean doing sth. 意味着sb. mean to do sth. 打算sb. remember doing sth. 记得做过sb. remember to do sth. 记得去做sb. forget doing sth. 忘记做过sb. forget to do sth. 忘记去做sb. go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事情sb. go on to do sth. 停下手边的事情继续做另一件事情sb. stop doing sth. 停止现在在做的事情sb. stop to do sth. 停下手边的事情，开始做另一件事情sb. try doing sth. 尝试做…sb. try to do sth. 尽力做5.介词+doing①fromprevent/ stop sb. from doing sth. (阻止…做); keep sb. (from) doing sth.;protect sb. from doing sth. (保护…免受伤害)②inThere is no point (in) doing (做…没有意义)have difficulty(困难)/trouble(麻烦)/fun(乐趣) (in) doing;be busy (in) doing (be busy with sth.)spend ST./SM (in) doing (spend ST./SM. on sth.)be involved in doing sth. = be engaged in doing; succeed in doingpersevere in doing = persist in doing (坚持不懈)③oninsist on doing; keep on doing④ofthink of doing; dream of doing; be fond of doing(喜欢)⑤upgive up doing; end up doing(以做…结束)⑥其他set about doing(着手开始做); put off doing(推迟做); can’t help doing; feel like doing6.to(介词)+doingbe used to doing = be accustomed to doinglook forward to doing; stick to doing; lead to doing; confess to doing; sit(get) down to doing（着手做）devote/dedicate oneself to doing; owe sth. to doing（归咎/功于）; prefer doing A to doing Bpay attention to doing; the key to doing三、定语：动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途a washing machine = a machine for washing a living room = a room for livinga dining table = a table for dining reading materials = materials for reading四、表语系动词be/get/become + doingThe real meaning of Christmas is sharing and giving.动名词时态语态复习一、动名词的时态一般式：doing 完成式：having done (表示动作发生在谓语动词之前)I am sorry for having kept you waiting too long.二、动名词的语态①一般式：being done 完成式：having been done②主动语态表示被动含义sth. need/require/want doing = sth. need/require/want to be done The flower needs watering.sth. deserve doing = sth. deserve to be done The naughty boy deserves punishingsth. be worth doing The book is worth reading.扩展：sth. be worthy of being done = sth. be worthy to be done The book is worthy of being read.三、动名词的否定not doing动名词与不定式的比较一、成份二、含义1. doing 表示泛指，to do表示特指①Doing simple things is boring. （主语）To do this simple thing will be boring.②I like swimming in winter. （宾语）I like to swim this afternoon.③It is hard translating Chinese poems into English. （形式主语）This Chinese poem is short, but it is hard to translate it into English.④I find it hard translating Chinese poems into English. （形式宾语）This Chinese poem is short, but I find it hard to translate it into English.⑤My job is teaching. （表语）My dream is to become a teacher.2. doing 表示已做过，to do表示将要做Have you locked the door? I remember locking the door.The door is open. Please remember to lock the door.不定式与动名词成份练习1.In the 19th century, a businessman predicated that New Y ork was going to become the centre of the world.2. Tthis may be a reason why the city continues to fascinate more and more people.3. Some of the narrow roads that lead to churches are still there, taking people back to London’s old days.4. Do you hope for a new start or a chance to turn over a new leaf?5. In 1901, the citizens of Colorado Springs in the USA decided to collect everyday items and to seal them in a steel box.6. The box was marked “To be opened after midnight, December 31st, AD 2000”.7. One hundred years later, on the appointed day, 300 people gathered to watch the opening of the box.8. Many of the letters were addressed to their descendants.9. I never knew my grandfather, but now I feel close to him.”10. People may enjoy a trip to the seaside or watch an exciting sports game, such as football, or horse-racing.11. On the morning of Christmas Day (December 25), many people go to church to celebrate the birth of Christ.12. Later, they may watch the Queen appear on television to deliver her traditional Christmas message to the whole country.13. In the evening, the families sit down to a big goose (sometimes turkey) dinner.14. For children, the most important one is that of receiving gifts.15. This is the time to visit friends or watch football.16. Get ready to say good-bye to the old, hello to the new!17. With better weather ahead, or plenty of food to eat in winter, people naturally felt like having a party!18. Mexicans fire guns into the air to keep away misfortunes.19. New Y ear celebrations also involve having fun.20. Some cultures view the New Y ear as an opportunity to let off fireworks.21. In New Y ork City’s Times Square, thousands gather on December 31 to count down the last seconds of the year.22. These balloons are so huge as to tower over nearby buildings!。