动词不定式、动名词的用法和区别动词不定式:动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
1. 动词不定式作主语:To mast a language is not an easy thing. / To teach English is my favorite.动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help.2. 动词不定式作宾语:某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.I like to help others if I can.3. 动词不定式作宾语补语。
We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。
/ Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。
4. 动词不定式作表语:What I should do is to finish the task soon. / The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.5. 动词不定式作定语:There are many ways to solve the problem. / I have something important to tell you.6. 不定式作状语:We went to the hospital to see our teacher. / She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.动词不定式的否定形式:not + to + 动词原形The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us. 没告诉我们真是不公平。
带疑问词的不定式:疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。
Where to go is not known yet. I don't know when to begin.。
Can you tell me where to get the battery. Do you know how to get to the station.带逻辑主语的不定式:动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是:for + 逻辑主语+ 不定式。
注意:逻辑主语用宾格形式,for 本身无实际意义,它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。
It's necessary for us to help each other. / There are much work for me to finish,动词不定式的被动形式:表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。
He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人。
/ There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。
●动名词动名词是由动词原形+ ing 构成,同现在分词形式一样,在句中可作主语,宾语,表语和定语。
1) 动名词作主语:Talking like that is not polite. / Learning from others is important . / Putting on more clothes is not so good . (注:动名词可以象动词不定式一样,用it作形式主语,而把动名词写在后面做真正的主语。
)It's no use waiting here, let's go home. / It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2) 动名词作表语The nurse's job is looking after the patients.3)动名词作宾语有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house. / I like reading in the forest. / Do you mind my opening the windows?4)动名词作定语She is studying in the reading room. / He slept in the sleeping bag.(动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词)He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。
/ We considered not doing it now. 我们考虑现在不做这件事。
动名词的被动形式:当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时,用动名词的被动形式来表示。
)His being looked down upon made him sick. / I can't really stand being treated like that.动名词的几种特殊情况:1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语,有些动词能跟不定式,有些两者都可以, 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。
能跟动名词的动词有:avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。
能跟不定式的动词有: decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有: love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,1)动词后面跟动名词还是不定式,含义不相同,总的来说,表示习惯的, 一般性的动作多跟动名词,一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you. I like reading.He promised to help her. We love watching VCD.2) remember, forget, regret 后面跟动名词时,动名词表示过去的动作, 后跟不定式时,不定式表示将来的动作。
I remember meeting him in the street. / I remember to write a letter to my parents.3) "stop + 动名词"表示停止动名词所表示的动作, "stop + 不定式"表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。
Stop smoking, please. 请不要抽烟 。
Let's stop to have a rest. 咱们停下来休息一下吧。
4) 动名词和分词的区别: 动名词作定语时,动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系,而分词作定语时, 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕 developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕 boiled water 开水 〔分词〕再谈动词不定式与动名词A 、动词不定式作宾补1)tell / ask / want sb to do sth. ______________ 否定式:tell/ask/want sb not to do sth. __________2)省to 不定式作宾补 即:(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do sth.l —let; m —make; n —notice; 3h —hear, have, help; 2看—see, watch; 1f —feel但注意:1)help sb (to) do sth. (to 可省、可不省) 2)在改作被动语态时省去的to 应还原eg. Someone heard him sing in the room. / He was heard to sing in the room.B 、动词不定式与动名词的区别1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doingdoingworth be problems some have fun have to doing prefer to on contributi a make from prevent keep stop like feel in spend in busy be ⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧...//)...()( ⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(已做)记住已做了(未做)记住做(已做)忘记已做了(未做)忘记做停止做(正在做的事))停下来去做(另一件事::::::.3doing do to remember doing do to forget doing do stop (原来的事)继续做(另一件事)接着做⋯⋯⋯⋯::.4doing do on go 常可替换)((),,.5doing do to like start begin 动作在进行)动作结束)((),,.(6doing do sb hear watch see 动原+⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧than rather do to pref er please you Could would Will better had not Why //.7 8.介词+doing: eg. 1)What/ How about doing 2)be good at doing 等等。