b--吡啶pyridine 巴比妥酸:barbituric acid 比电导conductance不规则的:irregular 崩解剂disintegrantc--萃取extraction 成团:agglomeration 测量仪measurement 肠液:intestinal fluidd--胆固醇cholestero 对映体:enantiomer 电极electrode 代谢:metabolismf--反相渗透reverse osmosis 分布:dispositiong--构象:conformation 固化:solidizej--甲苯toluene 静脉注:intravenous injection 挤压:compress聚集:aggregate 胶囊capsulel--粒子:particle 立体选择性:stereoselectivity 利用率:availabilitym--灭菌产品sterile products n--粘合剂adhesivep--偏振光:polarized light 片剂tablet 配剂elixir 排泄:excretionq--起始原料starting materials(raw materials) q醛aldehyder--溶解度:solubility 乳剂emulsion 润滑剂lubricants--释放:release 渗液solution 生物膜:biologic membrane 生物碱alkaloid, t---糖浆syrup 甜味剂sweetenerw--丸剂pill 微生物microorganism 胃液:gastric fluid 稳定态:steady-statex--旋光异构现象:optical isomerism 悬浮液suspension 香味剂flavor 稀释剂diluent形状:shape 吸收:absorption 消除:eliminationy--胰岛素insulin 压片:tablet compressionz--中间体intermediate 重结晶recrystallization 左旋:levorotation蒸馏distillation 组织tissuea--asymmetric carbon不对称碳absorption吸收action动作adhesive粘合剂c--contamination污染chirality:手性compress压缩composite合成的compressibility:可压缩性compaction:压紧contamination specialize特殊污染conductivity电导率control:控制clinical:临床的d-- design:设计dry:干燥delivery:传送e-- extend:延长epoxide:环氧化物f-- formulation:制剂fluidity:流动性function:功能g-- geometric isomerism:几何异构h-- hormone激素hydrolysis diastereoisomer:水解非对映异构体heterogeneous catalyst多相催化剂，i-- irrigating冲洗m-- metabolite代谢物medication药物治疗medicine内服药mill:研磨measure尺寸mix:混合microorganisms微生物o-- ophthalmic眼药p-- polysaccharide多糖peptide肽plasma血浆penicillin青霉素，precursor:前体partition coefficient:狭义分配系数pharmaceutical制药的parenteral注射药物pycogens热源procedure:程序q-- quality性质quantity数量s-- steroid甾类steric effect:空间效应stereoselectivity:立体选择性screening:过筛sustain :维持t-- treat治疗therapy:治疗u--uniformity目标v--vaccine疫苗Unit1 P7Answer the following questions:How many groups can pharmaceutical agents be split into depending on their production or origin?①totally synthetic materials(synthetics)②natural products③products from partial syntheses(semi-synthetic products)(2)Can you illustrate any significant examples of pharmaceutical agents obtained by total synthesis?L-amine,chleramphomical,caffeine,Dopamine,Epinephrine,Lerodapa,peptide,hormones.Prestaglanding,P_Pouricollamine,Vincamine,(3)What is the difference between the synthetic drugs and traditional Chinese herbal medicine?synthetic drugs include the most important of synthetics and semi-sythetic products, however, natural products are frequently needed as starting materials or intermediates for important synthetic products.2、生物碱4、Introduction of Nucleic acidsNucleic acids are polyanionic molecules of high molecular weight. These polymers are composed of a sequence of subunits or nucleotides so that the whole is usually termed a polynucleotide. The nucleic acids are of two main varieties, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA). DNA is found primarily in the chromatin to the cell nucleus, whereas 90% of RNA is presented in the cell cytoplasm and 10% in the nucleolus. The two classes of nucleic acids are distinguished primary on basis of the five-carbon atom sugar of pentose present. Two general kinds of bases are found in all nucleic acids. One type is a derivative of the parent compound purine. Principle examples are guanine and adenine. The second class of bases found in all nucleic acid is derived from the parent compound pyrimidine.介绍核酸核酸是超高分子量聚阴离子分子。
这些聚合物组成，亚基或核苷酸，使整个通常称为多核苷酸序列。
核酸有两种，主要品种核糖核酸（RNA）和脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的。
DNA是主要存在于细胞核内的染色质，而90％的RNA在细胞质现在和10％的核仁。
核酸类的两个主要的区别在于对目前的五个戊糖碳原子的糖基础。
一般两个种基地发现，在所有核酸。
一类是母体化合物嘌呤的衍生物。
原理是鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的例子。
在所有发现核酸碱基第二类是来自母体化合物嘧啶。
Unit2 P231、Answer the following questions:(1) What is quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of pharmacologic agents?quantitative descriptions of physical properties of compounds and the response of the biological system under consideration.How many steric factors influence on the pharmacologic activity?Three major headings.(1)Optical and Geometric Isomerism and Pharmacologic Activity.(2)Confrontational Isomerism and Pharmacologic Activity.(3)Isomerism andPharmacologic Activity.Why do enantiomophric pairs (optical isomers) exhibit different biological activities？difference in biologic activity may be due to a difference in the distribution of the isomers or to a difference in the properties of the drug-receptor combination of less them the optimal number of binding groups is suitably located for binding.2、静脉注射4、The finding of a novel drug molecule is a long, expensive, and tortuous process with no guarantee of success. Clearly, out of the almost in finite number of possible compounds, only a finite(few, small) number can ever be selected for testing within a given time and the skill of medicinal chemist is in deciding which of those compounds to make first. Of course, there is then the major problem of how to synthesize them! In order to make that decision, the mass of biological data produced for compounds already tested needs to be analyzed in such a way that features which are important for the biological activity/activities can be identified and then for future molecules. The goal of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is to find predicative effect between quantitative descriptions of physical properties of compounds and the response of the biological system under consideration. Hopefully the resulting QSAR will lead to an definition of the molecular features/properties most important in derterming activity, and guide the research of biological activity within the compound series.发现了新的药物分子是一个长期的，昂贵的，曲折的过程没有成功的保证。