现在完成时的构成和用法❖ 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
❖ 2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.❖ 3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他❖ 4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他❖ 5.一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他❖ 6. 特殊疑问句：（疑问词+）Have / Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他？❖7.例句：I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.❖8.have been 与have gone 的用法比较have been to a place 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。
have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。
Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。
She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。
现在完成时专项练习一．单项选择。
1.–Where is Mr. Liu? -----He _______the library.A. has been toB. has gone toC. has been in2.The students have cleaned the classroom, ________?A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they3.I like Hainan. I ________there three times.A. wentB. goC. have beenD. have gone4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.A. have been toB. have been inC. have beenD. have gone5. - How long ______you_______ your dictionary? - About two months.A. did; buyB. have; getC. have; hadD. have; bought6.He tells me he________ China for over five years. A. has beenB. has been inC. has been toD. has gone to7.______has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he_______ to China?A.How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived8.His uncle________ for more than 9 years.A.has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left theuniversity二、按要求改写句子。
9.He has never surfed, __________(改成反意疑问句）?10.They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问) __________ have they been here?11.The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(die)12.This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变) This factory _________ for twenty years.13.Miss Gao left an hour ago. （改写句子，句意不变）Miss Gao___________ an __________hour ago.14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （改写句子，句意不变）_________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.15.The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （改写句子，句意不变）_____________________________________________.三、动词填空：1._____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we __________(do) that already. When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago.2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes. When _____ he_____(see) it? He ______ it last week.3.How many times _____you______(be) there?4.I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.5. She _________ (go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes. How ______ she _______(go) there? She _______ (go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _______________(develop) their software programs.7. Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year.8. Mr chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.四、(1)选用for和since填空:1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.6.It’s five years _______ we met last time.（2）、用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空1.Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.2.Mum is not at home now. She _________ the shop.3.______ you ever _____ to Kunming ? Never.4.Where _____ you ______ these days?5.Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _______ here for several days.6.Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________.7.Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ?Li Lei is looking for you.现在完成时练习参考答案：一、1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C二、9.has he? 10. How long 11.died, has been dead 12.has been open 13.has been away 14.It is, since 15.The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、动词填空1.Have, cleaned, have done, did, do, did2.Has, seen, did, see, saw3. have, been4. have read5. has gone, did, go, went6. have developed7.gave8. has given四、1）、for 2. since 3. for 4. since 5.for 6.since2）、1. have been in 2. has gone to 3. Have, been 4. have, been 5. has been 6. has gone 7. have, been。