被动语态语态概述英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

女口: Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，女口：“他的自行车被偷了。

”，再如：English is spoken by many people.主语English 是动词speak的承受者。

判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？He ope ned the doo他开了门。

( ____________ )The door was ope ned'.l 被开了。

( ____________ )二、被动语态的构成：be动词+Vp.p被动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分。

行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。

1. English is ___________ (speak in Canada.2. The blouse is ___________ (make) of silk.3. English is ___________ (speak by many people.谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。

动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。

1. Some stamps were _________ (steal) last week.2. The PRC was __________ (found) on October 1, 1949.3. Football is __________ (play) in most middle schools.被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be. be + P.Pam (is,are) 现在时，am (is,are) +P.Pwas和were 表过去。

was (were) +P.P完成have (has) been。

have (has) been+P.P将来，情态，be原形。

will (can,may,mus) be+P.P进行时态两个be,前表时态后加ing。

am (is,are) +being+P.P被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。

三•几种常用时态的被动语态——1. 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词肯定句：Bikes are __________ (sell) in that shop.否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.2. —般过去时：was/were+过去分词肯定句：He was __________ （save）in 1999.否定句：He was not saved in 1999.疑问句：Was he saved in 1999? Yes, he was. / No,he wasn't.3. —般将来时：shall/will/be goi ng to + be+ 过去分词肯定句：An English class will be _________ （give）by Jack tomorrow.否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow?4. 现在进行时：am/is/are + be in g+过去分词肯定句： A car is being _________ （ d ri ve）n ow .否定句： A car is not being driven now.疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.5. 现在完成时：have / has+ bee n过去分词肯定句： A road has been _________ （_ build）by the government.否定句： A road hasn't been built by the government.疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.6. 情态动词：情态动词+be + P.P1）This clock can be _______ （repair）here.2）The trees may be _______ （_ plant）at other times of the year.3）The composition must be ________ （h a nd）i n after class.4）The young trees should be _______ （_ plant）in spring.四、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were ________ （_steal）last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This book was _________ （pu b l i s h ）i n 1981. 这本书出版于1981 年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The window was _________ （b re ak）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was _________ （write）by him. 这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteec每天8 小时睡眠必须得至U保证。

五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

( 3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：1. All the people __________ ( laugh) at him.—He was ___________ (laugh) at by all people.2. They _________ ( make) the bikes in the factory.—The bikes are _________ ( make) by them in the factory.六、补充一些宾补动词如make, see, hea等在主动语态中可以接动词原形(实为省略to 的动词不定式)作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。

如：He made me stand outside.—I was made to stand outsid(e by him) .I saw him play football. —He was seen to play footbal(l by him) .专项练习一、选择题( )1. _____ a new library ____ in our school last year?A. Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Does; buildD. Did ; build( )2. An accident _____ on this road last week.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened()3.Cotton (棉花) _______ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow( )4.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives( )5.How many trees ____ this year?A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been plantedD. planted( )6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done ( )7.The Great Wall _________________ all over the world.A. knowsB. knewC. is knownD. was known( )8. The children ____ by the nurse.A. were lookedB. looked afterC. were looked afterD. looked( )9. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them.A. gave, didn't listenB. was given, wasn't listenedC. give, wasn't listenedD. was given, didn't listen( ) 10. The question ____ by us soon.A. is going to discussB. will discussC. is going to be discussedD. has been discussed( )11. The lab ____ about five years ago.A. was builtB. was builtC. buildsD. has been built( )12. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set upB. have been set upC. were set upD. set up( )13. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finishedB. have finishedC. had been finishedD. have been finished( )14. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown.A. is …grownB. is …grewC. was …grewD. was …grown( )15. He ____ by the teachers.A. is always praisedB. praisesC. have been praisedD. always is praised( )16. The picture _______ in October, 1996.A. was takingB. had been takenC. was takenD. had taken( )17. We can't use the bridge now, because it _______ .A. has been repairedB. is repairingC. is repairedD. is being repaired( )18. I ______ the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shownB. showedC. have shownD. was showing( )19. The war ______ in 1941.A. broke outB. had been broken outC. was broken outD. had broken out( )20. When water ______ , it will be changed into vapour.A. is heatedB. heatingC. has heatedD. heats( )21. We can't enter the room because its door _______ .A. lockedB. locksC. is lockedD. is locking( )22. They ______ day and night.A. are made workB. are made to workA.is, singingB. is, sungC. will, singD. was, sung( )25.The windows of our house ______ once a week.C. made to be worked( )23. Man-made satellitesA. was sent upC. have been sent up( )24. This English song __ D. are making to work __into space by many countries. B. is sent up D. has been sent upoften ____ by the children.A. must cleanB. have cleanedC. is cleanedD. are cleaned ( )26. When the People's Republic of China _________________________ ?A. was, foundB. was, foundedC. did, foundD. does, found( )27. Mary's radio _______ by my brother just now.A. will be mendedB. has mendedC. was mendedD. mended( )28. Some trees may ______ at other times of the year.A. be plantedB. plantC. are plantedD. will be planted( )29. A new English play ____ there next week.A. will put onB. will be put onC. is going to put onD. will be putted on ( )30. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday.A. was happenedB. has been happenedC. happenedD. was going to happen ( )31. The glass ______ . It ____ by little Tom this morning.A. broke, is brokenB. is broken, was brokenC. was broken, brokeD. has been broken, broken二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。