美国社会与文化
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I. Earlier Immigration to America


America has traditionally been referred to as a "melting pot," welcoming people from many different countries, races, and religions, all hoping to find freedom, new opportunities, and a better way of life. American history began with waves of immigrants, bringing their own cultures and traditions to a vast new country. No other place in the world has such a diverse population.
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Stop 6. Legal inspection

After passing the medical exams, immigrants had to prove they could legally come into America. They had to prove their country of origin and where they expected to live and work once they entered the country. Inspectors rejected any immigrant with a criminal record or those suspected of being indentured servants. By 1921, immigrants had to pass a literacy test and show a passport and visa.
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美国社会与文化
Stop 4. Medical examination

By 1917, complete medical exams were required for every immigrant. The main purpose of these exams was to find persons with contagious diseases or conditions that would make them unable to work. If their problem was curable, immigrants were sent to the island's hospital. If it was not, the steamship company that brought them would have to pay to send them back.
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Early immigrants’ tour of Ellis Island

Stop 1. Arrival Stop 2. the baggage room Stop 3 Stairways to the Great hall Stop 4. Medical examination Stop 5. The great Hall Stop 6. Legal inspection Stop 7. Money exchange Stop 8. The Journey’s End
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I. Earlier immigrants
Earlier immigrants
The earliest immigrants-- American Indians
intercontinental wanderers, some 30,000 years ago Native Americans permanent settlement in North America began 100 years after Columbus’s first voyage (1492) The first immigrants came from England and the Netherlands Sir Walter Raleigh (1585): claimed all North America--Virginia Drake (1587) first enduring settlement in 1607 by English capitalists—New England the Pilgrim Fathers (1620)—followed by more settlers New Amsterdam was founded by Holland English were the dominant ethnic group; English became the prevalent language Modern Americans look back to the Pilgrim Fathers as the origins of their country
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Stop 7. Money exchange

In the money exchange area immigrants exchanged the money of their homeland for dollars, and purchased any train tickets they needed. Laws passed in 1909 required each immigrant to have at least 20 dollars before they were allowed to enter America.
Chapter 2
United States: The “Melting Pot”

0. Introduction I. Earlier immigrants II.“A Nation of Nations” III. Racial and Ethnic Groups IV. National Characters V. Basic values and beliefs
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Stop 8. The Journey’s End

Just beyond the money exchange was the exit from Ellis Island. Staff members referred to this spot as the kissing post because of all the emotional reunions that were witnessed there. Two thirds of the new Americans then boarded a ferry to New Jersey, where the next leg of their American journey would begin. The remaining third took the ferryboat to Manhattan to begin their new life in New York City, only one mile away.
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Stop 3 Stairways to the Great hall

The first test the immigrants had to pass became known as the "six second medical exam." As the immigrants climbed the stairs to the Great Hall, doctors stood at the top and watched. They were looking for anyone having difficulty coming up the steps. If a medical problem or disability was suspected, one of seventeen different chalk marks was put on the person's clothing. They were then sent for a full physical examination. If they weren't marked, they went on to wait in the Great Hall.
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Stop 2. the baggage room

Immigrants entered the main building through its ground floor baggage room. They left their trunks, suitcases and baskets here until they were finished. Immigrants with only a few belongings carried their things as they climbed the stairs to the Great Hall for medical and legal examinations.
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Stop 1. Arrival
New arrivals were taken by ferry to the main building at Ellis Island. Opened in 1892, the first immigrant to arrive was a 15year-old girl from Ireland named Annie Moore to join her parents in New York City.