分词作状语与定语
2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、 分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、 让步、方式: 让步、方式:
1). Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件状语) 条件状语) 2). Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 时间状语) (时间状语) 3). Being tired, they went on working. (让步状语) 让步状语) 4). Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 原因状语) (原因状语) 5). He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 伴随状语) (伴随状语)
C
பைடு நூலகம்
C
6). The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (04上海) 上海) 上海 A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 该题的谓语动词是 attract,“闻起来很香”用来作定 , 闻起来很香” 语 7). A man is being 。 questioned in relation to the ________ 修饰主语 flowers。 murder last night. (04江苏) 江苏) 江苏 A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted
Practise 1). When _______(heat) water will be changed heated into vapour. While _______ (heat) water, we can change it heating into vapour. Seen 2) ______(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _______ (see) from the hill, you will find the Seeing city beautiful. 3) Generally speaking, when ________(take) taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. taking If ________(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon.
3.分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时, 分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语 一致;如果不一致,需在分词前加一个逻辑主语, 一致;如果不一致,需在分词前加一个逻辑主语, 分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语 从句。 从句。 (True or false) 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.F 2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. T 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. T 关于分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题, 关于分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题,在试题中 可以看到各种不同的命题技巧。 可以看到各种不同的命题技巧。
B
C
“谋杀”只能被预谋,故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。 谋杀”只能被预谋,故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。 谋杀
3.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是: 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是: 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是 现在分词表示主动、进行之意; 现在分词表示主动、进行之意;过去分词表 示被动与完成;而不定式表示在谓语动词表 示被动与完成; 示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如: 示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如: discussed ①The question __________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance. _____________ ②The question being discussed (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance. to be discussed ③The question ______________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.
flying fish 飞鱼 a running dog 走狗 a falling tide 落潮 a crying boy 哭着的孩子 (=A boy is crying )
考查非谓语动词作状语
能作状语的有不定式、 能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和 过去分词。 过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取 决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。 决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。
The key______,she went through her handbag , carefully. A. hadn’t been found B. having not been found C. not having been found D. wasn’t found 试题分析: 试题分析: 选项A、D均为谓语形式,选择其中的任何一项 选项A 均为谓语形式, 前半部分便成为一个分句,与后面的分句必须使用 前半部分便成为一个分句, 连词。以表示前后分句的逻辑关系,因此全部排除。 连词。以表示前后分句的逻辑关系,因此全部排除。 选项B是现在分词的完成被动式, 选项B是现在分词的完成被动式,凡非谓语动词的否 定形式,not必须加在最前面 因此也应排除。 必须加在最前面, 定形式,not必须加在最前面,因此也应排除。not found同其逻辑主语 同其逻辑主语the key构成独立主 having been found同其逻辑主语the key构成独立主 格结构,作原因状语。 she不能 格结构,作原因状语。本试题中句子的主语 she不能 充当分词的逻辑主语。 充当分词的逻辑主语。
2. 现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关 现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有“ 即现在分词用主动式时, 系”,即现在分词用主动式时,被修饰的名词 正在执行其动作;现在分词用被动式时, 正在执行其动作;现在分词用被动式时,被修 饰的名词正在承受其动作(即与名词是动宾关系) 饰的名词正在承受其动作(即与名词是动宾关系) ①Please tell the children playing outside not ( to make so much noise. =…who are playing) ② The factory making (= that makes) such tools is a small one run by Tom. ③They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. ④ Barking dogs seldom bite. ⑤ The building being built will be completed next year.
4). Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 5)—The English exam is not difficult, is it? —_____. Even Tom _____ to the top students failed in it. A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging
不定式做状语,只表示目的、结果或原因: 1、不定式做状语,只表示目的、结果或原因: He hurried home only to find his money stolen. (结果状语) 结果状语) To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 目的状语) (目的状语) All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 原因状语) (原因状语) 不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语, 不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语,在句 末多作原因状语,结果状语。 末多作原因状语,结果状语。
非谓语动词作定语及状语 基础讲练
Lemon
考查非谓语动词作定语 不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语 都可以作定语, 不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语,主要区 别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 1. 不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有 “动宾关 系”, 即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受 如果不定式是不及物动词, 者; 如果不定式是不及物动词,就要在不定式 动词后加上相应的介词。 动词后加上相应的介词。 ①Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. ②He was the last one to leave school yesterday. ③The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
Practise 1). The wild flower looked like a soft orange blanket _______ the desert. A A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover. D 2). There have been several new events _____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added 3). The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, A sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. being recorded