习题一E-C P13Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation.It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information.信息和沟通对现代社会和企业组织是非常重要的。
了解工作环境的一个方法是把一个企业组织看作一个沟通系统。
一个企业组织如果具有公开的沟通渠道，信息真实可靠，以及全方位沟通，那么其工作效能将会更高，在这里比在一个企图封闭信息沟通或曲解甚至欺骗的企业组织中更适宜工作。
领导层如果让员工蒙在鼓里，员工就会对领导不信任。
这就破坏了他们的合作。
懂得开诚布公沟通的价值和重要性是不难的。
然而，能够这样做的企业并不多见。
从长远来看，不良沟通，会破坏整个企业组织。
限制沟通和曲解信息是鼠目寸光的做法。
我们必须摆脱这些愚昧、短视的束缚，致力于营造一个确保客观信息为基础的沟通体系。
分析：①Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations.▲信息和沟通／交流对于现代社会和企业（组织）来说至关重要。
organization 常解释为“公司”；“企业”或“组织”，这篇文章其实属于Management 板块，应解释为“企业”。
具体译法：成语法：central→至关重要②One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system.▲把企业看作是一个沟通体系，这是了解工作环境的方法之一。
▲了解工作环境的一个方法是把企业看作是一个沟通体系。
③⑴An organization (that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization) ⑶will be much more effective and a much better place to work ⑵than the organization (that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive).▲一个企业如果具备坦诚／公开的沟通模式／渠道和全方位的诚信信息，比起那些试图封闭信息，曲解甚至欺骗的企业来说，将会有更高的效能，并更适宜于工作。
定语从句的翻译：第一句用了省略法，第二句用了前置法。
换序译法：翻译顺序：⑴⑵⑶。
这是一句较长的句子，但是句子结构并不复杂，考生可以发现整句句子是一个比较级，主语和宾语分别是两种企业，谓语是will be much more effective and a much better place to work，不过两个企业的后面都各有一个长句进行修饰，特别是第一个企业。
因此在翻译时先把主语的情况交待完毕，然后用“比”连起句子的宾语，宾语的定语并不长，可以前置，最后再翻译谓语。
意译：这句句子意译的数量相当多，可以说是中级口译翻译到现在为止意译考点最多的地方了。
open lines of communication→公开的沟通渠道（直译）→坦诚的沟通模式（意译）valid, honest information→真实可靠的信息（直译）→诚信信息（意译）going up, down, and throughout →机构内上下（直译）→全方位（意译）more effective→更高的效率（直译）→更高的效能（意译）restrict the flow of information→限制信息的流通（直译）→封闭信息（意译）转性译法：形容词→名词effective→效能形容词→动词better→适宜于④W hen leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful.▲如果领导层让员工信息闭塞（蒙在鼓里），员工就会对领导不信任。
▲领导如果什么事情都不对员工讲，员工就会不信任领导。
具体译法：加字法：leadership→领导层When 翻成“如果”，或者干脆省略不译。
成语法：keep workers in the dark→让员工蒙在鼓里tends to: 可能A is the sign / indication / syndrome ofB 翻成：B tends to A转性译法：形容词→动词distrustful→不信任⑤T his undermines their cooperation.▲由此破坏他们之间的合作。
⑥It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information.▲开诚布公的沟通和无误的信息，它们的价值和重要性是显而易见的。
▲懂得公开真诚的交流和可靠信息的价值和重要性是不难的。
具体译法：加字法：importance→重要性成语法：open, honest communications→开诚布公的沟通正反译法：easy→不难的valid→无误的⑦Y et, few organizations are able to function in this manner.▲然而能够做到这点的企业并不多见。
▲然而很少有企业能够这样做/运作。
正反译法：few→不多见function / run / operate：运转、操作⑧I n the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization.▲不良沟通从长远上讲就会危害整个企业．正反译法：poor→不良的⑨R estricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking.▲限制沟通和歪曲信息会使企业成为井底之蛙。
▲限制沟通和歪曲信息会使企业鼠目寸光。
▲限制沟通和歪曲信息会使企业缺乏远见。
▲限制沟通和歪曲信息是思想狭隘的表现。
具体译法：成语法：short-range thinking→井底之蛙；鼠目寸光正反译法：short-range thinking→缺乏远见⑩We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information.▲我们必须告别这些愚蠢、缺乏远见的做法，并致力于建立一个公开的沟通系统，确保信息客观公正。
▲我们必须摆脱这些愚蠢、短浅的思想羁绊，不断地努力营造一个客观信息公开交流的系统。
出现动宾短语时，先翻作为宾语的那个名词，再根据此名词来选择动词。
比如“avoid…traps”中，先翻“traps 束缚”，然后根据束缚把avoid 翻成“摆脱”，而不是“避免”。
正反译法：short-sighted →缺乏远见意译：traps →羁绊strive for / constantly for 致力于转性译法：介词→动词with →确保习题一C-E P14中华民族历来爱好自由和和平，中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。
中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。
任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。
任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前提和基础，我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫，歧视和欺凌的自由。
Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace, whom always hoping for world peace and friendship. Having suffered from wars and invasions in modern times, the Chinese people have cherished the value of peace and freedom than ever. The construction and development of any country entails a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment. The freedom of any country or nation is the prerequisite and foundation for that of any individual. We hope that people across the world will live in a world devoid of wars and violence, and enjoy the freedom of oppression, discrimination and humiliation.分析：★谓语≥2 个，用分词结构；★主语尽量后翻。