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同位语从句语法及联系

同位语从句(Appositive Clauses)一、概念1. 同位语:紧跟在名词或代词之后,用于说明该名词或代词是何人、何物的词语叫做同位语。

We Chinese love our country. 我们中国人热爱我们的祖国。

主语同位语I, the youngest son in the family, am often taken good care of.作为年纪最小的儿子的我经常受到最好的照顾。

This word, dyeing, is often misspelled. Dyeing这个单词经常被拼错。

【活学活用】①我们学生应该努力学习。

__________________________________________________②这是我的名字,Tony。

___________________________________________2. 同位语从句:在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。

We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。

I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。

二. 同位语从句的功能及引导词1. 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,置于某些抽象名词之后。

换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。

常见的名词有:fact(事实),idea(想法),news(新闻),belief(信念),message(信息),proposal(建议),proposition(建议),evidence(证据),proof(证据),possibility(可能性),suggestion(建议)等。

The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。

The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.命令士兵纹丝不动站在原地是将军发出的。

2. 引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how, when, where等。

(注:if和which不能引导同位语从句。

)例如:⑴如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。

(即that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,但不可省略)The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。

【活学活用】翻译①你在哪儿听说我不能来?__________________________________________________②李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。

_______________________________________________________________ ⑵如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加“是否”的含义,用whether引导同位语从句。

(注:if不能引导同位语从句)Li asked me the question whether the novel was worth reading.李问我这小说是否值得读。

【活学活用】翻译①我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。

___________________________________________________________②我不知道他是否回来。

________________________________________⑶如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义,用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。

I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.他是怎么回家的,我没有什么印象,也许是骑自行车回家的。

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。

【活学活用】翻译①我不知道他何时会离开。

______________________________________________②他们如何克服困难的,我没有印象。

________________________________________③她提出这个问题:我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。

________________________________________________________三、注意事项1. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)从意义上看:同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词短语所表达的内容可以划上一个等号。

例如:He heard the news that his team had won. (the news= his team had won)He came to the decision that he must act at once. (the decision =he must act at once)★★★或者说,同位语从句可以变为中心词的表语从句,而定语从句则不能:① He came to the decision that he must act at once.→ The decision was that he must act at once.中心词表语从句② The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.→The news was that we are having a holiday tomorrow.中心词表语从句▲对比:The news that appeared in the papers this morning was well received. (此句为定语从句,the news ≠that appeared in the papers this morning,也不能变成中心词的表语从句:The news was that appeared in the papers this morning。

(×))(2)从that从句的语法功能上看:定语从句中的that是属于关系代词既代替先行词,同时可以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分,但也不能省略。

★试比较:①The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)②The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)(3)从充当中心词的名词特点上看:充当定语从句的中心词的名词是无限的,而充当同位语从句的的中心词只是有限的一些表示概括意义的抽象名词如:fact(事实),idea(想法),news(新闻),belief(信念),message(信息),proposal(建议),proposition(建议),evidence(证据),proof(证据),possibility (可能性),suggestion(建议)等。

★试比较:He put forward the suggestion that the third question should be discussed first.他提出这么个建议:第三个问题应先予讨论。

(同位语从句)The suggestion that he had put forward was turned down.他提出的这个建议被否决了。

(定语从句)【活学活用】请填上恰当的关系代词或连词并辨别属于是定语从句还是同位语从句。

① The news ________ l have passed the exam is true.② The news ________ he told me just now is true.③ The idea ________ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.④ The idea ________ he gave surprises many people.2. 隔裂同位语从句同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开,尤其是当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。

例如:Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。

(that引导的从句太长,放在句末。

谓语动词came提前word和同位语从句隔开。

)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

【活学活用】①几年以后,消息传来说他已经出国了。

_____________________________________________②他突然想起可能是自己在回家的路上把钱包弄丢的。

__________________________________________________________________ 3. who和when, where, why, how等既能引导定语从句(作关系代词或副词)又能引导同位语从句(作连接代词或副词)。

试比较:The news when the minister will come to the meeting is not announced yet.部长何时来开会这个消息尚未宣布。

(同位语从句)Do you still remember the day when you joined the League?你还记得你入团是在哪一天吗?(定语从句)4. 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”表示。

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