社会工作专业英语参考资料what is social work“The social work profession 专业promotes 促进social change problem-solving in humanrelationships and the empowerment 许可，授权and liberation 释放，解放of people to enhance提高，加强well-being 幸福，幸福感，福利. Utilising 使用，利用theories of humanbehaviour and social systems social work intervenes 干预，介入at points 在点where peopleinteract with 与相互作用their environments. Principles 原则of human rights 人权and socialjustice 司法are fundamental to 对是必要的social work.”Nature of the Work Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve people lives.Social workers help people function（动词）运行the best way they can in their environmentdeal with their relationships and solve personal and family problems. Social workers often see 看见，理解clients 案主who face a life-threatening 重度，致命的disease 疾病or a socialproblem such as inadequate 不足的housing unemployment a serious illness a disability 残疾，丧失能力的or substance abuse 药物滥用. Social workers also assist 帮助families thathave serious domestic 家庭的conflicts 冲突sometimes involving child or spousal abuse 虐待配偶. Social workers often provide social services in health-related settings 设置that now aregoverned 管理，支配by managed care 管理式医疗organizations. To contain 含，控制coststhese organizations emphasize 强调，注重short-term intervention 介入，干预ambulatory 流动的，非固定的and community-based 社区的care and greater decentralization 分散ofservices. Most social workers specialize 专门从事，专业化. Although some conduct research 进行研究，进行调研工作or are involved in planning or policy development most social workersprefer an area of practice in which they interact with 与相互作用clients. Child family and school social workers provide social services and assistance 帮助toimprove the social and psychological functioning 心理机能，心理功能of children and theirfamilies and to maximize 取最大值，最大化the family well-being and academic 学术的，理论的functioning of children. Some social workers assist single parents arrange adoptions 领养orhelp find foster homes 寄养家庭for neglected 被忽视的abandoned 被抛弃的or abused 被虐待children. In schools they address 从事，忙于such problems as teenage pregnancy 怀孕misbehavior 品行不端and truancy 旷课，逃学and advise teachers on how to cope with 处理，应付problem students. Increasingly 逐渐的school social workers are teaching workshops 研习会，讲习班to an entire 整个的class. Some social workers specialize in 专门研究，专攻services for senior citizens 老人（尤指退休者）running 流动的，连续的support groups 支持小组for family caregivers 照顾着，看护人or for the adult children of aging 成年parentsadvising elderly 老年的people or family members about choices in areas such as housingtransportation and long-term care 长期护理，长期医疗and coordinating 协调and monitoring监督these services. Through employee 雇员assistance 帮助programs they may help workerscope with 处理，应付job-related pressures or with personal problems that affect the quality oftheir work. Child family and school social workers typically 代表性的，典型的work forindividual 个人的and family services agencies schools or State 国家，州or local governments.These social workers may be known as 被称为，被认为child welfare 儿童福利social workersfamily services social workers child protective 保护的services social workers occupational 职业的social workers or gerontology 老年学social workers. Medical 医学的and public health 公共卫生social workers provide persons families orvulnerable 易受伤害的populations with the psychosocial 社会心理的support needed to copewith chronic 长期的，慢性的acute 严重的or terminal illnesses 终期病患，晚期疾病such asAlzheimers disease 早老性痴呆cancer or AIDS. They also advise familycaregivers 照顾者counsel 建议，劝告patients and help plan for patients’ needs after di scharge 后放by arrangingfor at-home services from meals-on-wheels to oxygen 氧气equipment. Some work oninterdisciplinary 跨领域的teams that evaluate 评价，评估certain kinds of patients—geriatric 老年病人or organ transplant 器官移植patients for example. Medical and public health socialworkers may work for hospitals nursing 护理，看护and personal care facilities individual 个人的，个别的and family services agencies or local governments. Mental health 心理健康and substance abuse 药物滥用social workers assess 评定，评估and treat individuals 个人with mental illness 精神病or substance abuse problems includingabuse of alcohol tobacco 烟草or other drugs. Such services include individual and grouptherapy 治疗，疗法outreach 延伸，扩广crisis intervention 危机干预，危机介入socialrehabilitation 复原and training in skills of everyday living. They also may help plan forsupportive 支持的services to ease 减轻，使安心patients and return to the community. Mentalhealth and substance abuse social workers are likely to work in hospitals substance abusetreatment centers individual and family services agencies or local governments. These socialworkers may be known as clinical 临床的social workers. Counselors 辅导员，顾问andpsychologists 心理学家who may provide similar services. Other types of social workers include social work planners and policymakers who developprograms to address 处理such issues 问题，议题as child abuse homelessness substance abusepoverty 贫困and violence. These workers research and analyze policies programs andregulations 条例，规程. They identify social problems and suggest legislative 立法机构andother solutions. They may help raise funds 筹集资金or write grants 补助金，津贴to supportthese programs.Employment 工作，就业Social workers held about 562000 jobs in 2004. About 9 out of 10 jobs were in health careand social assistance 社会救助industries as well as State and local government agenciesprimarily 首先，主要的in departments of health and human services. Although most socialworkers are employed 受聘于，被雇佣in cities or suburbs 郊区some work in rural areas 农村地区. The following tabulation 表格shows 2004 employment by type of social worker: Child family and school social workers 272000 Mental health and substance abuse social workers 116000 Medical and public health social workers 110000 Social workers all other 64000Job Outlook 展望Competition for social worker jobs is expected in cities where demand for 对的需求services often is highest and training programs 训练计划for social workers are prevalent 流行的，普遍的. However opportunities should be good in rural areas 农村计划which often find itdifficult to attract and retain 保持，保留qualified 合格的，能胜任的staff. By specialty 专业，专长job prospects 前景may be best for those social workers with a background in gerontology老年医学and substance abuse treatment. Employment of social workers is expected to increase faster than the average 平均for alloccupations 职业，行业through 2014. The rapidly 迅速的growing elderly 年老的populationand the aging baby boom generation 生育高峰年will create greater demand for health and socialservices resulting in particularly rapid job growth among gerontology 老年医学social workers.Many job openings 职位空缺also will stem from 出于，来自the need to replace 取代，替换social workers who leave the occupation. As hospitals continue to limit the length of patient stays the demand for social workers inhospitals will grow more slowly than in other areas. Because hospitals are releasing 释放patientsearlier than in the past social worker employment in home health care services is growing.However the expanding 扩大的senior 年老的population is an even larger factor. Employmentopportunities for social workers with backgrounds in gerontology should be good in the growingnumbers of 许多，若干assisted 协助，辅助-living andsenior-living communities. Theexpanding senior population also will spur 鼓舞，刺激demand for social workers in nursinghomes long-term care facilities and hospices 济贫院. Strong demand is expected for substance abuse social workers over the 2004 4 projection规划period 周期，时期. Substance abusers are increasingly 逐渐的being placed into treatmentprograms instead of being sentenced to 判决prison. Because of the increasing numbers ofindividuals sentenced to prison or probation 缓刑who are substance abusers correctional 矫正的systems are increasingly requiring substance abuse treatment as a condition added to theirsentencing 量刑or probation 试用. As this trend grows demand will increase for treatmentprograms and social workers to assist abusers on the road to 在过程中recovery 恢复，痊愈. Employment of social workers in private social service agencies also will increase. Howeveragencies increasingly will restructure 调整，重改结构services and hire more lower paid socialand human service assistants instead of social workers. Employment in State and localgovernment agencies may grow somewhat 有点，稍微in response to 响应，对有反应increasing needs for public welfare 社会福利，公共福利family services and child protection保护，照顾services however many of these services will be contracted out 包出，批给外界承办to private agencies. Employment levels in public and private social services agencies mayfluctuate 波动，涨落depending on need and government funding 资金，经费levels. Employment of school social workers also is expected to grow as expanded efforts torespond to 响应rising student enrollments 登记，注册人数and continued emphasis on 着重于，强调integrating 整合disabled children into the general school population lead to more jobs.There could be competition for school social work jobs in some areas because of the limitednumber of openings. The availability 有效性，可用性of Federal 联邦的，同盟的State andlocal funding 资金，经费will be a major factor in determining the actual job growth in schools. Opportunities for social workers in private practice 私人机构will expand but growth maybe somewhat hindered 阻碍，妨碍by restrictions 限制，限制条件that managed care 管理式医疗organizations put on 增加mental health 心理健康services. The growing popularity ofemployee assistance programs is expected to spur demand for private practitioners some ofwhom provide social work services to corporations 公司，企业on a contractual 合同的，契约的basis. However the popularity of employee assistance programs will fluctuate 波动，涨落with the business cycle 商业周期because businesses are not likely to offer these services duringrecessions 衰退.Earnings Median 中值，中位数annual earnings 年收益of child family and school social workerswere 34820 in May 2004. The middle 50 percent earned between 27840 and 45140. Thelowest 10 percent earned less than 23130 and the top 10 percent earned more than 57860.Median annual earnings in the industries employing the largest numbers of child family andschool social workers in May 2004 were:Elementary 小学and secondary 中学schools 44300Local government 40620State government 35070Individual and family services 30680Other residential 住宅的care facilities 30550 Median annual earnings of medical 医学的and public health social workers were 40080 inMay 2004. The middle 50 percent earned between 31620 and 50080. The lowest 10 percentearned less than 25390 and the top 10 percent earned more than 58740. Median annualearnings in the industries employing the largest numbers of medical and public health socialworkers in May 2004 were:General medical and surgical 外科的hospitals 44920Home health care services 42710Local government 39390Nursing care 护理facilities 35680Individual and family services 32100 Median annual earnings of mental health and substance abuse social workers were 33920in May 2004. The middle 50 percent earned between 26730 and 43430. The lowest 10 percentearned less than 21590 and the top 10 percent earnedmore than 54180. Median annualearnings in the industries employing the largest numbers of mental health and substance abusesocial workers in May 2004 were:Psychiatric 精神病学的and substance abuse hospitals 36170Local government 35720Outpatient 门诊服务care centers 33220Individual and family services 32810Residential mental retardation 智力缺陷mental health and substance abuse facilities 29110Median annual earnings of social workers all other were 39440 in May 2004. The middle 50percent earned between 30350 and 51530. The lowest 10 percent earned less than 24080and the top 10 percent earned more than 62720. Median annual earnings in the industriesemploying the largest numbers of social workers all other in May 2004 were:Local government 42570State government 40940Individual and family services 32280About 1 out of 5 social workers is a member of a union. Many belong to the union associatedwith their place of employment.二、汉译英①There are many ways to have a happy marriagebut only a few ways marriages go bad.有很多方法可以有一个幸福的婚姻，但只有少数的方式结婚变坏。