音素分类音标书写音位音长元音声带振动单音口形不变前元音[ i: ][ ɪ ][ e ][ æ ]扁唇形，舌尖抵下齿，依次张大中元音[ɜ: ] [ ə] [ ʌ] 圆唇，舌悬空中高，依次张大后元音[u:][ʊ][ɔ:][ɒ][ɑ:] 扁圆唇，舌后缩底高，依次张大双元音口形变合口双元音[eɪ] [ɔɪ] [aɪ] 前长后短，前重后轻，首音长三分之二，次音三分之一，从首音滑向次音，一到即止。
合口双元音[əʊ] [aʊ]集中双元音[ɪə] [ʊə] [eə]辅音声带振动或无振动腔阻成音爆破音清[ p ] [ t ] [ k ] 1.双唇闭，气冲成音2.舌尖抵上齿龈，弹舌成音3.舌后部抵软鄂，咳气成音浊[ b ] [ d ] [ g ]摩擦音清[ s ][θ][ f][ʃ] 1. s z双唇微张，舌尖平近上齿，气流缓出舌齿间，2. ////舌齿摩擦辅音。
发音时舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间送出，形成摩擦音。
3. /f/ /v/唇齿摩擦辅音。
发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间通过，形成摩擦音。
4. /ʃ/ /ʒ/舌端靠近齿龈后部，舌身抬起靠近上鄂，双唇稍收圆并略突出。
气流通过时形成摩擦音浊[ z ][ ð ][ v ][ʒ]破擦音清[ tr] [ tʃ][ ts]1.////舌端齿龈破擦辅音。
发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音2./ts/ /dz/舌端齿龈破擦辅音。
舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略下降，气流送出口腔浊[ dr ] [ dʒ] [ dz ]半元音[ w ] [ j ] 1. W稍圆突唇舌后抬起，嘴唇滑向两边，振动2. j扁唇微笑，舌尖抵下齿，舌面贴上鄂，振动，3. 两音长很短，一出即滑至后音似摩音[ l ] [ h ] [ r ] 1.l舌抵上齿龈，稍弯，气出舌两边成音，振动2.h 嘴唇自然张开，呵气成音，声带不振动3.r舌关上卷悬中，圆唇稍突，冲舌成音,振动鼻音[m] [n] [ŋ] 1.m 双唇紧闭，气流从鼻腔送出。
2. n 发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔送出。
3. //发音时堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出。
声带振动。
语流音变浊化两清辅音相连，后清变浊，[sp] →[sb] [st] →[sd] [ sk] →[sg] [ str]→[sdr]sp eak sp y st udy st ar sk y sch ool sc reen st reet失爆两爆相连，爆擦相连，前音失爆Blac k board boo k case be d side car d board foo t bridgeCome bac k t omorrow. I don’t thin k so.连读前词辅音尾，后词元音头，连读成一词No t at a ll. The re i s, o n i t, i n an o ffice ,i n E nglish,Ge t o ut, al l o ver, firs t of a ll,1．关于音标的定义1．什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。
2．音素的分类：元音和辅音。
3．音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
4．什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。
5．什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。
7. 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane, shineb) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello8. 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,let, mad, mapb)元音+辅音: it,is, of, in, on, up, out, ant9.重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
10.{元音}-是音素的一种，与辅音相对，也叫做-{元音}-。
是在发音过程中由气流通过口腔而不受阻碍发出的音。
辅音是音素的一种，与元音相对，也叫做子音。
是指在发音时在口腔受到阻碍的音素，如塞音（爆破音）、擦音、塞擦音（破擦音）。
巧记48个国际音标英语国际音标音源练习一.单元音：vowels（12个）1.[ i:] A: Tea or coffee?B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please.e: me be she he we evening seeee: sweet bee sweep sheep sleep three greenea: meat read leaf sea pea teach eat cleanie, ei, eo: piece, ceiling, people2.[ ɪ ][ i ] His little sister is sitting in the middle.i: is English pig fish in fifteen six ship thine: begin behind jacket basketbally: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainyey: monkey moneyay: Sunday Saturday Friday比较：1.it--eat 2. live—leave 3. fill—feel4. seat—sit5. tree—trip6.bit—bee7. sheep—ship 8. deed—did 9. live—leave 10.feed—fit 11. pea—pit 12. rid—read 13.street—strict 14. sleep—slip3.[ e ]Good, better, best. Never let it rest.Till good is better. And better best.e: egg bell desk leg red pet then ten penea: bread head breakfastai: again4.[ æ ] Cat, cat! Catch that black rat!a: dad hat cap bag cat can bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat mapCompare:1. bet--bat2. pat—pet3. bag—beg4. sat—set5. neck--lack6. sad—said7.bad—bed 8.dad—dead d—led10. fad—fed5. [:][ə:] The early bird catches the worm first.er: her serve termir:bird girl skirt first d irty skirt shirtur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtainear:early learnor: word work world6. [ə]The farmer’s sister is a doctor.er:teacher clever brother dinner father sister ruler ar: sugaror:doctora:panda about above camera sofa Chinae: openure: picture7. [ ʌ ]Come to the front on the double.o: son come colour love moneyou: touch cousin country8.[ u:]How do you do? You look really cool.o: do who whoseoo: food moon too soonui: fruit juiceu: ruler rudeou:soupoe:shoe9.[ ʊ][u]L ook at the cookbook. It’s really good.o:woman wolfoo:look good book foot wood classroomu:bull bullet10.[ ɔ:]My daughter who’s forty-four is a lawyer.a: wateraw:draw strawberryal:ball wall callor:horse morning corn fork or shortoor:floor doorau: autumnar: warm11. [ɒ][ ɔ ] The little pot is so hot.o: fox coffee dog shop dogdoctor long sorrya: watch what12.[ a:]It’s far to the farm from the park.a: grass glass class plant dancefast father last halfar: car star arm park March hard gardendark scarfau: laugh aunt ear: heart二.双元音（8个）：13. [eɪ] [ ei ] Rain, rain go away.Little Johnny wants to play.a: cake make name game snake gate lazy ai: rain train waitay:day May play taday wayea: great14.[ ɔɪ][ ɔi ] Soybean oil is my choice.oi: oil boil coin pointoy: boy toy15.[ aɪ ][ ai ] Out of sight, out of mind.i: kite bike nice tiger write idea knife five y: by cry fly my sky try why goodbyeie: tie pieand show me the photo.o: nose rose poem old over hellooa: boat coat soap goatow: show window snow bowl17. [ aʊ] [au] I found a mouse in the house.ou: house mouse mouth trousers about round ow: flower cow how now down town 18. [ ɪə][ iə ] We are near the end of the year.ear: ear hear tear yeareer: deer beerea: really19.[ eə ][εə] Where there is a will, there is a way.air: hair chair pairear: pear bear wearere: thereeir: theirare :careful20. [ ʊə ][ uə]It’s sure to be good for the tourists.oor: poorour: tour Februaryure: sure pure三.辅音Consonants (28个)[ p ] Practice makes perfect.[ b ] Barry found a big bug on her bed.[ t ] Thisis a hat, that’s a cap.[ d ] The doorman told David to go down.[ k ] Don’t kit the kitten.[ g ] A good beginning makes a good ending. [ f ] If you buy fish, make sure it’s fresh.[ v ] Victor is very clever. [ s ] Sandy has a new swimming suit.[ z ] What size of shoes does Daisy wear? [ θ ] Thank you for your table cloth.[ ð ] Those are far and these are near. [ ⎰ ] Wash the fish, please.[ ʒ] pleasure, television[ t⎰ ] He teaches children how to play chess. [dʒ] John likes to tell jokes.[ tr]There’re lots of trucks in the street. [dr] He likes strong drinks.[ ts] The students are wearing white shirts. [dz] Take away your dirty hands鼻音[m]May I have some milk, mum?[ n]Nora knows the new comer.[ ŋ]Lingling is listening to the song. Compare: n [ n ] ng /nk [ ŋ]in—ink sin-sing thin---thingthan—thank son---song摩擦音[ h] have hot who whole hate houseHelen holds her hands.[ r ]read write wrongAre you ready to read?舌边音[ l ] land world little middle castle puzzle What a beautiful bicycle!半元音[ w ] wall what answerThe homework every week is very hard. [ j ] yes yellow year your skirt is wet.。