Unit11.An inblance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾2.Their poverty is a temporary misfortune,if they are poor and meek,they eventually will inherit the earth他们的贫穷只是一种暂时性的不幸，如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们最终将成为世界的主人3.Couples in love should repair to R H Macy‟s not their bedroom热恋的夫妇应该在梅西百货商店过夜，而不是他们的新房4.The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it.and so is in economic life.It‟s merely the working out of the a law of the nature and a law of god美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口，而她之所以能被培植就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被插掉了，在经济生活中情况亦是如此。

这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用5.(it has become) an economically not unrewarding enterprise. （它已成为）经济上收入不菲的行业6.There is~~no form of oppression that is quiet so great,no constriction on thought and effort quiet so comprehensive,as that which come from having no money at all没有哪种压迫比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种对思想和行为的束缚比一无所有来得更全面彻底7.Freedom we rightly cherish,cherishing it,we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need 我们珍惜自由式对的。

正因为珍惜自由，我们就不能以此为借口，不给最需要自由的人自由8.Whether they be in Erhiopa,the south bronx,or even in such an Elysium as LosAngeles,we resolve to keep them off our minds不管他们生活在埃塞俄比亚，还是在纽约的南部布朗克斯区，甚至是洛杉矶这样的天堂，人们都决心不去为这些人操心9~~he is enjoy, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles.如上述所说，他在华盛顿高层当中有无比的威望passion , along with the association public effort is the least comfortable.the least convenient course of behavior and action in our time同情心，加上与之相关的社会努力是人们这个年代，最令人不快的行为何行动方针Unit21.It was an idyllic life ,and we lived close to our family and to the comforts and safety a small town could afford这是一种田园式的生活，我们和亲戚住的很近，享受着小镇生活所能给予我们的舒服和安全2.But papa was a man of enterprise,he realized that the untouched Ten Thousand Islands off the southwest coast of the sate were rich in soil for crops and in game for food但父亲是一个很有上进心的人，他知道佛罗里达州西南海岸的万岛群岛还没有被开发，那儿土壤肥沃，适于耕种，而且猎物充足，不必担心食物来源3.This third day out,and the days to come,found us in the unsettled wilds of florida出发后的第三天以及以后的日子里，我们都在佛罗里达无人居住的荒野中穿行4.Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons,constantly unrolling,and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids水里的水草就像绿色的丝带不断地伸展开来，野兰花一簇一簇地挂满了枝头5.The burly arms of oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.Redbirds,tanagers and painted buntings flew back and forth across the trail,leaving a child with the impression that the woods were tossing with jewels以前这里经常发水的河滩岸边一丛丛地长满了乔叶栎，那些地面上铺着一层绿色的蕨类植物，乔叶栎粗壮的枝干上也覆盖着蕨类植物，俯生的凤梨科植物正在盛开。

红雀，唐那雀和色彩斑斓的鸠鸟沿着小路飞来飞去，在孩子们看来就像是宝石在树林里跳动6.The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake,but the Indians and black people were susceptible to his manipulations本地的白人像惧怕响尾蛇一样怕他，而印第安人和黑人则不得不受他的控制和剥削7.Our new home was more than safe,it was a joy我们的新家不仅安全稳定，它还给我们带了了无尽的乐趣8.Today I can see in my grandsons and great-grandsons some of those qualities of courage and caring that my father had in such abundance今天在我的子孙身上，我仍然能看到我父亲所拥有的无尽的勇气和爱心Unit31.We have beening tampering with this powerful forc e,unaware, like the Sorcerer‟s Apprentice,of the potentially disastrous consequences of our actions我们一直在滥用这股强大的力量，就像传说中的魔术师的师弟一样，并没有意识到我们的这种行为很可能会导致灾难性的后果2.Even if the global warming catastrophe never materializes,and the ozone hole remains an esoteric,polar phenomenon,already human activity has profoundly altered global conditions in ways that may not register on the camera即使全球变暖这种灾害永不发生，即使臭氧层空洞仍然只是一种深奥的极地现象，人类的活动已经极大地的改变了全球的条件，这些也许是用照相机拍不出来的3.The technosphere, in contrast,is dominated by linear processes与生态圈相反，技术圈是由线性流程决定The energy sources that now power the technosphere are mostly fossil fuels,stores that,once depleted,will never be renewed现在技术圈运作的能源主要是矿物燃料，一旦用完，永不再生4.Nylon~~is not biodegradable—that is,there is no enzyme in any know living organism that can break it down 尼龙不能进行生物分解—也就是说，现存的有机物中还没有发现哪种酶可以分解尼龙5.~~living things have created a limited but self-consistent array of substances and reactions that are essential to life6.~~有生命的东西创造了一系列对生命至关重要的有限但独立的物质和反应7.A free lunch is really a debt,in the technosphere, a debt is an acknowledged but june cost免费的午餐实际上是一种负债，在技术圈中，债务是指已承认但尚未归还的欠款8.~~when the debts represented by environmental pollution are created by the technosphere and transferred to the ecosphere,they are never canceled,damage is unviodale当债务以技术圈制造的环境污染的形式出现，然后又转嫁到生态圈，这种债务将无法消除，造成破坏是不可避免的。

Unit51.The American experience was unique in a number of ways美国的经验在许多方面都是独特的2.The country was blessed by notable advantages—above all,by the the fact that population was scare in relation to available resources这个国家有着得天独厚的优势—只要是人口相对稀少而资源十分丰富3.It rose originally from a philosophical rather than an economic commitment它源于对思想原则的信仰，而不是出于对经济利益的追求4.We have found no better way than democracy to fulfill man‟s talents and release his energies我们发现民主是使人的才智得到充分施展，人的能量得以充分发挥的最好方式5.In the record of his conflict,ideology has attracted some of the strongest intelligences mankind has produced 在意识形态体系与经验主义斗争的历史上，意识形态体系曾吸引了人类历史上一些聪明绝顶的人物6.In its finest hours,the US has,so to speak,risen above ideology在她处于最佳时期时，美国可以说超越了所有的意识形态体系7.~~that government was best which governed least~政府管得越少越好8.Indeed,the whole ideological enterprise contradicted Jefferson‟s temper,which was basically flexible and experimental说实在的，杰弗逊一生在意识形态体系上所做的努力与他的性格是相矛盾的，他的性格特征基本上是灵活的，从经验出发的9.Indeed,I would suggest that we might well banish some overloaded words from intellectual discourse~~(These words)are sources of heat,not of light我甚至建议在思想界和学术界的讨论中摒弃某些用滥了的词语~~这些词语只能使头脑发热，而不会给人以智慧的光芒10.Free men know many truths,but they doubt whether any mortal man knows the Truth自由人掌握许多具体的真理，但他们认为没有一个凡人能够掌握绝对真理Unit71.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end as well as beginning—signifying renewal as well as change我们今天庆祝的不是党派的胜利而是自由的选择—象征着一个时代的结束和另一个时代的开始—意味着延续与变化2.United,there is little we can‟t do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do—for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder如果我们团结一致，我们在一系列共同从事的失业中就可以无往不胜，如果我们四分五裂，我们就会一事无成—因为在意见分歧，四分五裂的情况下，我们不敢迎接强有力的挑战3.~~one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny ~一种殖民控制形式的消失，不应为另一种更为残酷的暴政所取代4.~~and to remember that, in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger and ended up inside~要记住，在过去，那些愚蠢地想靠与虎谋皮而得势的人最终都为虎所食5.~~we renew our pledge of support—to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective—to strength its shield of the new and the weak—and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run~我们重申我们的支持—不让其变成一个相互指责的论坛—加强其对新生国家和弱小国家的保护—扩大其起主导作用的领域6.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed只有当我们的军队强大无比时，我们才有把握永不使用武力7.Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate我们永远不会由于恐惧而去谈判，但我们永不畏惧谈判8.And if a beached of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion如果小小的一点合作能驱散深深的猜疑9.In your hands,my fellow citizens,more than mine,will rest the final success or failure of our course同胞们，我们事业最终的成败不是掌握找我手中，而是掌握在你们手中10.Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country不要问你的国家能为你做什么，要自问你能为你的国家做和贡献Unit11.Virtue,is~~self-centered.-By right action,we mean it must help promote personal interest.2.Poverty was a product of their excessive fecundity.-The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3.~~the rich were not responsible for ether its creation or its amelioration.-the rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they shouldn‟t be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.4.It‟s merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of god-It‟s only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature or to human society.5.It declined in popularity,and references to it acquired a condemnatory tone-people began to reject Social Darwinism cuz it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy,love and friendship.therefore,when it was mentioned,it was usually the target of criticism.6.~~the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end,it was only suspended.-The desire to find a way to justify the concern for the poor hadn‟t been abandoned,it had only been put off7.~~only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches,flashlights,coffee makers,and toilet seats-Government officials,on the whole,are good,it‟s very rare that some high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks8.This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction-It‟s a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it‟s not true.9.Belief can be the servant of truth-but even more of convenience-Belief can be useful in the search for truth.but more often than not it‟s accepted cuz it‟s convenient and self-serving10.George Gilder~~who tells to much applause that the poor must have the cruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort-GG advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great effort to change the situation, in other words, suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hardUnit21.But these marks of wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song-Though the place wasn‟t pleasant or disagreeable,my father was deeply attracted to it precisely because of its unexplored uncultivated natural state and the challenge2.…I‟m afraid the day‟s going to catch us‟I explained,wondering what great disaster might befall us if it did-As a little girl, I believed my father‟s words, and was genuinely afraid of the possible disaster-if we didn‟t hurry up,the day would catch us and terrible things might happen3.~~from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial,though few crimes seemed to lead directly to his door-In this place,though police would make some effort without real earnest to investigate Waston and bring him to court,there seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove that he was responsible for certain illegal activities 4.The stranglehold Waston had over this section of Florid was not dissimilar to the unscrupulous activities of certain lawmen,other legal crooks,and even governors that our state was to suffer through its history-The control Waston had over this part of Florida was much similar to the dishonest or illegal activities of the law--enforcing officials and government which florida witnessed in the twentieth century5.There was the little shack,not the most gracious of living quarters,and there was a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor,about thirty miles away-Before the family built their own house,they lived in a shabby cabin at Gopher Key,close to the merciless waston6.King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day-We had abundant food on the island, and even the meals enjoyed by king richard, who was famous for his love of food,couldn‟t possibly compare with ours7.Despite the unrelenting heat,we were happy to be let off from our hours of school indoors sessions which our mother kept every day, rain or shine-Although it was very hot outside in the sun, we were happy to be dismissed from my mother‟s sessions indoors.we would have to read and write with her every day no matter what weather was likeUnit31.~~even droughts,floods,and heat waves may become unwitting acts of manWhat people do may unintentionally cause droughts,floods,and heat waves2.But this image,now repeatedly thrust before us in photographs,posters,and advertisements is misleadingThe Earth we see in photos,posters and ads,which appears so beautiful,is not the true reflection of the world we live in ;such image lulls us into complaceny3.The technosphere has become sufficiently large and intense to alter the natural processes that govern the ecosphereHuman activities have taken place over such large areas and with such intensity that they have already caused disastrous effect on ecology4.~~Which could establish itself only because it fitted properly into the preexisting systemThe fish could play its role because it became a necessary link with the processes preceding it and the processes following it in the ecological system5.Defined so narrowly,it‟s no surprise that cars have properties that are hostile to environmentWhen cars are produced to serve such narrowly purpose,it‟s no surprising that some of their characteristic qualities are harmful to the environment6.Yield rose,but not in proportion to the rate of fertilizer application~The farm applied more and more fertilizer,and the production did rise but didn‟t at the same rate of fertilizer 7.~~their waste is flushed into the sewer system,altered in composition but not in amount at a treatment plant People eat the plants and animals,and their waste is flushed into the sewer system.After being processed,the waste is still waste.The residue will go into rivers oceans and will have harmful effect on the aquatic ecosystem8.Left to their own devices,ecosystem are conservativeIf the ecosytems are not upset by outside intrusion,they will remain the same with very little change9.In contrast to the ecosphere,the technosphere is composed of objects and materials that reflect a rapid and relentless process of change and variationThe characteristics of objects and materials in the technosphere are rapid change and great variety10.But this done only at the cost of understandingIf we take sides in the war of the two worlds, we are doing so at the risk of failing to have a clear understanding of the nature and cause the war.thus,we lose the chance to really solve the grave environment crisis.Unit51.~~the national rejection of dogmatic preconception about the nature of the social and economic orderThere are such prejudices in an arrogant manner about the characteristic of the social order and economic order and they take it for granted,the country just rejected such prejudice2.Nor can one suggest that American have been consistently immune to the ideological temptation-No one can say that Americans have never been tempted by the approach of understanding,preserving or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas3.~~and any intellect so shaped was bound to have certain vulnerability to secular ideology ever after-A mind influenced by Calvinst theology would surely find it somewhat difficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking4.Pragmatism is no more wholly devoid of abstraction than ideology is wholly devoid of experience-Pragmatism is not completely free from abstract ideas just as ideology is it somewhat difficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking5.As an ideologist,however,Jefferson is today remote—a figure not of present concern but of historical curiosity-As a man following a fixed set of beliefs,Jefferson is only an interesting historical figure.His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to present-day reality6.~~(and often)whose central dogma is confided to the custody of an infallible priesthood-Their central beliefs are imprisoned by the whole body of priests who are always effective7.~~where free men may find partial truths,but where no mortal man will ever get an absolute grip on Absolute Truth~-In this universe a person whose mind is constrained may be able to discover relation truths but no man on earth can claim that he has already grasped the one and only Truth.8.But ideology is a drug,no matter how much it‟s exposed by experience,the craving for it still persist Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic.In spite of the fact that it has been proved wrong many times by experience,people still long to commit themselves to ideology9~~the only certainty in an absolute system is the certainty of absolute abuse-The only thing that is sure of a despotic system is the unrestricted exercise of power10.The distinctive human triumph~~lies in the capacity to understand the frailty of human striving but to strive nonetheless-The most outstanding achievement of humanity is they know that no matter how hard they try,they can‟t achieve Absolute Truth,yet they continue to make great efforts and refuse to give upUnit71.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life-As a result of technological development,human beings now have the power to put an end to poverty and human misery,but at the same time they also possess the power to destroy the whole world,rendering it uninhabitable and lifeless2.~~unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights-We do not want to see or to allow the slow destruction of those human rights3.To those people in the huts and villiaged of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery,we pledge our best efforts to help themselves-To the people of the underdeveloped countries living in poverty in rural areas,we are committed to helping them to rid themselves of mass poverty by their own efforts4.But this peaceful revolution of hope can‟t become the prey of hostile powers-But we shouldn‟t let any Communist power take advantage of this alliance for progress to expand its influence5.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house-We want to make clear to the Communist powers that Americas are Americas of the Americans.Do not attempt to penetrate into this area6~~before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction~before the world is destroyed by a nuclear war launched in a preemptive attack or caused by accident7~~yet both racing to alter the uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind‟s final war-Yet both sides attempt to get an edge in the nuclear arms race so as to break the mutual deterrence which has so far prevented the outbreak of a nuclear war8~~civility is not a sign of weakness,and sincerity is always subject to proof-To be ready to negotiate and establish friendly relations doesn‟t mean that we are weak or afraid.Declarations of sincere intention have to be tested by actions9.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrorsLet the two sides use the fruits of science for the benefit of humanity rather than using high-tech weapons to kill and destroy10~~each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty-There have been occasions for each generation of Americans to be called upon to fight and die for their countryUnit101.Saint Goergy may caper in banners and in the speeches of politicians,but it‟s Jonhn Bull who delivers the goods-As Saint Goergy is a hero,the patron of arms,symbolizing chivalry,his image often appears on banners,and his name is often mention in the speeches of politicians. Saint Goergy is used as a symbolic figure of political purpose. But Jonhn Bull is a tradesman and he delivers the goods we need in our daily life while making money at the same time2.With its boarding-houses,its compulsory games,its system of prefects and fagging,its insistence on good form and on esprit de corps.it produces a type whose weight is out of all proportion to its numbers-The English public schools have unique features.first all boys living in boarding houses,second,sports and games are organized and compulsory as part of the school curricular,third, older students have special duties to help control younger students while the latter must do jobs for the former,lastly, great emphasis is placed ongood form and team spirit.These features enable the public school student to have disproportionately great influence3.Now the word “bankrupt”,I spoke as a member of a prudent middle-class nation,always anxious to meet my liabilities-Pay attention to my use of the word “bankrupt”,a word related to business. This reveals my identity as a member of commercial nation,who would be careful and sensible enough to avoid any risk of failing to pay their debts4.But my friend spoke as an Oriental, and the Oriental has behind him a tradition.not of middle-class prudence but of kingly munificence and splendor-But my friend expressed his views as a member of the Oriental countries.They are nourished by a tradition of great generosity and richness,which is different from the English tradition of middle-class prudence5.True love in this is differs from gold and clay.That to divide is not to take away-In this aspect, true love is different from material things such as clay or even gold which can be divided and taken away.Yet,if we share true love,it will never diminish6.I will now descend from that dizzy and somewhat unfamiliar height.and return to my business of notetaking -In the above anecdote,I have become a example of Englishmen for the moment.That put me in a high position which make me dizzy and is unfamiliar to me.I will now come down from that height and return to my role as your commentator on the characteistic of Englishman7.Such a combination is fruitful,and anyone who possesses it has gone a long way toward being braveThe Englishman‟s nervous system acts promptly and feel slowly.The combination of the two qualities is useful,and anyone who has this combination is most likely to be brave8.Since literature always rests upon national character,there must be in the English nature hidden springs of fire to produce the fir we see-As literature is based on national character,there must be in the English nature hidden resources of passion that have produced th great somatic literature we see9.…Oh I‟m used to Bernard Shaw;money tricks don‟t hurt me-This kind of criticism is just like BernardShaw‟s attacks.It‟s nothing new and I‟m used to these tricks and jokes; they won‟t do any harm to me10.And the “tolerant humorous attitude”with which he comfronts them is not really humorous,because it‟s bounded by the titter and the guffaw-The Englishmen think they have a tolerant and humorous attitude toward criticism.In fact it‟s not so,because their attitude is limited by uncomfortable laughter,which indicates that beneath the surface of their tolerant humorous attitude,they are uneasy.when they try to be humorous and brush aside criticism,they would titter and guffaw.Such uncomfortable laughter is a sign of uneasiness11.The cats are all out of their bags and diplomacy can‟t recall them-I have made all my opinions known to you.What is said is said,and being diplomatic can‟t unsay what has been said。