电化学原理第一章习题答案1、解:2266KCl KCl H O H O 0.001141.31.010142.31010001000c K K K K cm 11λ−−−−×=+=+=+×=×Ω溶液 2、解:E V Fi i =λ,FE V i i λ=,,, 10288.0−⋅=+s cm V H 10050.0−⋅=+s cm V K 10051.0−⋅=−s cm V Cl 3、解:,62.550121,,,,2−−⋅Ω=−+=eq cm KCl o HCl o KOH o O H o λλλλ2O c c c ,c 1.004H H +−====设故,2,811c5.510cm 1000o H O λκ−−−==×Ω4、(1)121,,Cl ,t t 1,t 76.33mol (KCl o KCl o Cl cm λλλλλ−−−−+−+−=++=∴==Ω⋅∵中)121121121,K ,Na ,Cl 73.49mol 50.14mol 76.31mol (NaCl o o o cm cm cm λλλ++−−−−−−−=Ω⋅=Ω⋅=Ω⋅同理:,,中)(2)由上述结果可知:121Cl ,Na ,121Cl ,K ,mol 45.126mol 82.142−−−−⋅Ω=+⋅Ω=+−+−+cm cm o o o o λλλλ,在KCl 与NaCl 溶液中−Cl ,o λ相等,所以证明离子独立移动定律的正确性;(3) vs cm vs cm u vs cm u F u a o o l o l o i o /1020.5,/1062.7,/1091.7,/24N ,24K ,24C ,C ,,−−−×=×=×==++−−λλ5、解:Cu(OH)2== Cu 2++2OH -,设=y ;2Cu c +OH c −=2y 则K S =4y 3因为u=Σu i =KH 2O+10-3[y λCu 2++2y λOH -]以o λ代替λ(稀溶液)代入上式,求得y=1.36×10-4mol/dm 3所以Ks=4y 3=1.006×10-11 (mol/dm 3)36、解: ==+,令=y ,3AgIO +Ag −3IO Ag c +3IO c −=y ,则=y S K 2,K=i K ∑=+(y O H K 2310−+Ag λ+y −3IO λ)作为无限稀溶液处理,用0λ代替,=+y O H K 2310−3AgIO λ则:y=43651074.1104.68101.11030.1−−−×=××−×L mol /;∴= y S K 2=3.03810−×2)/(L mol 7、解:HAc o ,λ=HCl o ,λ+NaAc o ,λ-NaCl o ,λ=390.7,121−−⋅Ωeq cm HAc o ,λ=9.02121−−⋅Ωeq cm ∴α0/λλ==0.023,==1.69αK _2)1/(V αα−510−×8、解:由欧姆定律IR=iS KS l ⋅=K il,∵K=1000c λ,∴IR=1000il cλ⋅=V 79.05.0126101010533≈××××− 9、解:公式log ±γ=-0.5115||||+Z −Z I (设25)C °课后答案网ww w.kh da w.com(1)±γ=0.9740,I=212i i z m ∑,I=212i i c z ∑,=()±m ++νm −−νm ν1(2)±γ=0.9101,(3)±γ=0.6487,(4)±γ=0.811410、解:=+H a ±γ+H m ,pH=-log =-log (0.209+H a 4.0×)=1.08电化学原理第二章习题答案1、 解:()+2326623Sb O H e Sb H O ++++ ,()−236H H +6e + ,电池:2322323Sb O H Sb H O ++解法一:00G E nF ∆=−83646F =0.0143V ≈,E=+0E 2.36RT F 2232323log H Sb O Sb H OP a a a ==0.0143V0E 解法二:0602.3 2.3log log 6Sb Sb H H RT RT a a F Fϕϕϕ+++=+=+; 2.3log H RTa Fϕ+−=∴000.0143Sb E E ϕϕϕ+−=−===V2解:⑴,(()+22442H O e H O +++ )−224H H +4e + ;电池:22222H O H O +2220022.3log 4H O H O P P RTE E E Fa =+= 查表:0ϕ+=1.229V ,0ϕ−=0.000V ,01.229E V ϕϕ+−∴=−= ⑵视为无限稀释溶液,以浓度代替活度计算()242Sn Sn e ++−+ ,(),电池:32222Fe e Fe ++++ 23422Sn Fe Sn Fe 2+++++ +23422022.3log 2Sn Fe Sn Fe C C RT E E F C C ++++=+=(0.771-0.15)+220.05910.001(0.01)log 20.01(0.001)××=0.6505V ⑶(),,(0.1)Ag Ag m e +−+ ()(1)Ag m e Ag +++ (1)(0.1)Ag m Ag m ++→电池:(1)0(0.1)2.3log Ag m Ag m a RT E E F a ++=+,(其中,=0) 0E 查表:1m 中3AgNO 0.4V γ±=,0.1m 中3AgNO 0.72V γ±=, 2.310.4log0.0440.10.72RT E V F×∴==× 3、 解:2222|(),()|(),Cl Hg Hg Cl s KCl m Cl P Pt ()2222Hg Cl Hg Cl e −−++ ,()222Cl e Cl −++ ,222Hg Cl Hg Cl 2+ 电池:课后答案网ww w.kh da w.c om222200002.3log 2Cl Hg Hg Cl P a RT E E E F a ϕϕ+−=+==−∵O 1.35950.2681 1.0914(25C)E V ,∴=−=设 由于E 与无关,故两种溶液中的电动势均为上值Cl a −其他解法:①E ϕϕ+=−−0,亦得出0E ϕϕ+=−−②按Cl a −计算ϕ+,查表得ϕ甘汞,则E ϕϕ+=−甘汞 4、 ⑴解法一:23,(1)|(1)()H Pt H atm HCl a AgNO m Ag +=()222H H e +−+ 222,()Ag e Ag +++ g ,2222H Ag H A ++++ 电池:有E ϕϕϕ+−=−=+,02.3log()AgAgAg RTE m Fϕγ++±∴=−。
解法二:223|(),()()Hg Hg Cl s KCl AgNO m Ag 饱和,02.3log()AgAg Ag RTE m Fϕϕγ++±=+−甘汞 ⑵同上解法:23,(1)|(1)Pb ()Pb H Pt H atm HCl a NO m +=,22Pb2Pb H H ++++ 电池:,220Pb Pb Pb 2.3log()2RTE m Fϕγ++±∴=− ⑶同上解法:'232e ,(1)|(1)FeCl (),FeCl ()F H Pt H atm HCl a m m +=,32+21FeFe 2H H ++++ 电池:23230 2.3log()Fe Fe Fe Fe RTE a Fϕ++++a ∴=−5、 解:⑴424(),()Zn ZnSO m Hg SO s Hg ,2242.3log()2SO Zn RTE E a a F−+=−⑵222(),()(),H Pb PbCl s HCl m H P Pt ;-20222.3log()2H H ClRT E E a a P F+=+ 6、解:'2,(1)|(1)(0.1),()H Pt H atm HCl a KCl m AgCl s Ag +=;()AgCl e Ag Cl −+++ ,∴02.3log Cl RT a Fϕϕ−++=−,查表得:0ϕ+=0.2224V ,0.79V γ±=; 0.22240.0591log(0.790.1)0.2876E V ϕ+∴==−×=;7、 解:"'2.31 2.31log log a Cl Cl RT RT E F a F a −−=−'"2.3log Cl Cl a RTF a −−=(=0.01m ,=0.1m ) "a 'a 可计算出:,0.10.780.078,()Cl a a a ′−±±′′=×==0.010.9040.00904,()Cl a a a −±±′′′′′′=×==又 2.32log(b RTE t a a F+±′′′=)±, 2.30.078(21)log()(20.3891)0.0591log 0.01230.00904b a RT E E t a a V F ϕ+±±′′′∴−==−=×−×=− 若用浓度计算,则,0.0591,0.046a b E V E V ==0.01b a E E V ϕ=−=− 8、 解:⑴22,(1)|(1)|(),Pt H atm HI a I s Pt =课后答案网ww w.kh da w.c om+−+ 222()222H H e ,()I e I −++ I ,222H I H + 电池:⑵0202.3log()2HI RTE E a E F=−=030.53460.1310(3525)0.5333E V −=−××−=, 0,E >∵∴电池表达式中正负极未写错。
⑶ln 2965000.5333102.9G nFE RT K kJ ∆=−=−=−××=−⑷0ln RTE K nF=,2965000.5333ln 40.198.314298K ××==×,172.8610K =×⑸第⑴⑵问不变(即E 不变),00151.52G G k ′∆=∆=−J,85.3510K ′==×+−+ 2222Hg Cl e Hg Cl ,两者均改变。