三角函数常见题1、A,B,C为三角形内角,已知1+cos2A-cos2B-cos2C=2sinBsinC,求角A 解:1+cos2A-cos2B-cos2C=2sinBsinC2cos²A-1-2cos²B+1+2sin²C=2sinBsinCcos²A-cos²B+sin²(A+B)=sinBsinCcos²A-cos²B+sin²Acos²B+2sinAcosAsinBcosB+cos²Asin²B=sinBsinCcos²A-cos²Acos²B+2sinAcosAsinBcosB+cos²Asin²B=sinBsinC2cos²AsinB+2sinAcosAcosB=sin(180-A-B)2cosA(cosAsinB+sinAcosB)-sin(A+B)=0Sin(A+B)(2cosA-1)=0cosA=1/2A=602、证明:(1+sinα+cosα+2sinαcosα)/(1+sinα+cosα)=sinα+cosα<===>1+sina+cosa+2sinacosa=sina+cosa+(sina+cosa)²<===>1+sina+cosa+2sinacosa=sina+cosa+1+2sinacosa<===>0=0恒成立以上各步可逆,原命题成立证毕3、在△ABC中,sinB*sinC=cos²(A/2),则△ABC的形状是?sinBsin(180-A-B)=(1+cosA)/22sinBsin(A+B)=1+cosA2sinB(sinAcosB+cosAsinB)=1+cosAsin2BsinA+2cosAsin²B-cosA-1=0sin2BsinA+cosA(2sin²B-1)=1sin2BsinA-cosAcos2B=1cos2BcosA-sin2BsinA=-1cos(2B+A)=-1因为A,B是三角形内角2B+A=180因为A+B+C=180所以B=C三角形ABC是等腰三角形4、求函数y=2-cos(x/3)的最大值和最小值并分别写出使这个函数取得最大值和最小值的x的集合-1≤cos(x/3)≤1-1≤-cos(x/3)≤11≤2-cos(x/3)≤3值域[1,3]当cos(x/3)=1时即x/3=2kπ即x=6kπ时,y有最小值1此时{x|x=6kπ,k∈Z} 当cos(x/3)=-1时即x/3=2kπ+π即x=6kπ+3π时,y有最小值1此时{x|x=6k π+3π,k∈Z}5、已知△ABC,若(2c-b)tanB=btanA,求角A[(2c-b)/b]sinB/cosB=sinA/cosA正弦定理c/sinC=b/sinB=2R代入(2sinC-sinB)cosA=sinAcosB2sin(A+B)cosA=sinAcosB+cosAsinB2sin(A+B)cosA-sin(A+B)=0sin(A+B)(2cosA-1)=0sin(A+B)≠0cosA=1/2A=60度6、已知2cosx=3cosy求证:3cosx-2cosy/2siny-3sinx=tan(x+y)证明:3cosx-2cosy/2siny-3sinx=tan(x+y)<==>(3cosx-2cosy)/(2siny-3sinx)=sin(x+y)/cos(x+y)<==>(3cosx-2cosy)/(2siny-3sinx)=(sinxcosy+cosxsiny)/(cosxcosy-sinxsiny)<==>3cos²xcosy-3cosxsinxsiny-2cosxcos²y+2sinxcosxsiny=2sinxsinycosy+2sin²ycos x-3sin²xcosy-3sinxcosxsiny<==>3cos²xcosy+3sin²xcosy=2sin²ycosx+2cos²ycosx<==>3cosy(sin²x+cos²x)=2cosx(sin²y+cos²y)<==>3cosy=2cosx已知所以以上各步可逆原命题成立7、已知△ABC中,sinB+sinC=√2sinA,且边长a=4,若S△ABC=3sinA,求cosA 的值正弦定理a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC=2R(R为三角形外接圆半径)sinA=a/2R,sinB=b/2R,sinC=c/2R代入b/2R+c/2R=4√2/2Rb+c=4√2(1)1/2bcsinA=3sinAbc=6(2)(1)平方b²+2bc+c²=32b²+c²=20余弦定理cosA=(b²+c²-a²)/(2bc)=(20-16)/12=1/38、在三角形ABC中,角ABC的对边分别为abc已知sin^2*2C+sin2CsinC+cos2C=1.且a+b=5,c=跟号7求(1)角C的大小(2)三角形ABC的面积sin²2C+sin2CsinC+cos2C=1sin2CsinC+cos2C=cos²2C2sin²CcosC+cos2C(1-cos2C)=02sin²CcosC+2sin²Ccos2C=0C不为0所以cosC+cos2C=02cos²C+cosC-1=0(2cosC-1)(cosC+1)=0cosC=1/2或cosC=-1(舍去)C=π/3余弦定理cosC=(a²+b²-c²)/(2ab)1/2=[(a+b)²-2ab-c²]/(2ab)3ab=18ab=6S三角形ABC=1/2absinC=1/2×6×sin60=3√3/29、π/4<a<3π/40<a-π/4<π/2a-π/4是第一象限角所以sin(a-π/4)=√[1-cos²(a-π/4)]=√48/7cos(a-π/4)=1/7-π/4<b<π/4π/2<3π/4+b<π所以3π/4+b是第二象限角所以cos(3π/4+b)=-√75/14sin(a+b)=-cos(a+b+π/2)=-cos(a-π/4+b+3π/4)=sin(a-π/4)sin(b+3π/4)-cos(a-π/4)cos(b+3π/4)=√48/7×11/14+1/7×√75/14=√3/2π/4<a<3π/4-π/4<b<π/40<a+b<π所以a+b=π/3或2π/310、在锐角三角形ABC中,a、b、c分别是叫A、B、C所对的边,C为60度,c=根号7,且三角形ABC的面积为3*根号3/2,求a+b的值S三角形ABC=1/2absinC3√3/2=1/2absin60ab=6余弦定理cosC=(a²+b²-c²)/(2ab)cos60=(a²+b²-7)/(2×6)a²+b²=7+6a²+b²=13(a+b)²-2ab=13(a+b)²=25a+b=5因为a>0,b>011、三角形ABC中,cosA=12/13,cosB=-3/5,则sinCcosA=12/13所以A为锐角sin²A=1-cos²A=1-144/169=25/169sinA=5/13cosB=-3/5所以B为钝角sin²B=1-cos²B=1-9/25=16/25sinB=4/5sinC=sin(180-A-B)=sin(A+B)=sinAcosB+cosAsinB=5/13×(-3/5)+12/13×4/5=-15/65+48/65=33/6512、若a,b,c分别表示三角形ABC内角ABC所对的边长,且(sinA+sinB+sinC)(sinA+sinB-sinC)=3sinAsinB.若三角形面积为10根号3,周长20,求边c。
解:(sinA+sinB+sinC)(sinA+sinB-sinC)=3sinAsinB(sinA+sinB)²-sin²C=3sinAsinBsin²A+2sinAsinB+sin²B-sin²(A+B)=3sinAsinBsin²A+sin²B-(sinAcosB+cosAsinB)²=sinAsinBsin²A+sin²B-sin²Acos²B-2sinAcosBcosAsinB-cos²Asin²B=sinAsinB2sin²Asin²B-2sinAcosBsinBcosA=sinAsinBcosAcosB-sinAsinB=-1/2cos(A+B)=-1/2A+B=2π/3所以C=π-(A+B)=π/3S三角形ABC=1/2absinC1/2ab×sin(π/3)=10√3ab=40(1)根据题意a+b+c=20则a+b=20-c余弦定理c²=a²+b²-2abcosCc²=a²+b²+2ab-3abc²=(a+b)²-3abc²=(20-c)²-120c²=400-40c+c²-12040c=280c=713、在三角形ABC中,A,B,C,为三角形的三个内角,且满足条件sin(A-C)=1,sinB=3分之1,第一问:求sinA的值。
sin(A-C)=1所以A-C=π/2C=A-π/2sinB=sin(π-A-C)=sin(A+C)=sinAcosC+cosAsinC=sinAcos(A-π/2)+cosAsin(A-π/2)=sin²A-cos²A所以sin²A-cos²A=1/3sin²A+cos²A=1两式相加sin²A=2/3因为A为三角形内角14、△ABC中,若tanA/tanB=a^2/b^2,则△ABC的形状是?解:正弦定理:a/sinA=b/sinB=2R(R为外接圆半径)a=2RsinA,b=2RsinBtanA/tanB=a²/b²sinAcosB/(cosAsinB)=sin²A/sin²BcosB/cosA=sinA/sinB2sinBcosB=2sinAcosAsin2A-sin2B=0因为A,B是三角形内角所以2A=2B或2A+2B=180即A+B=90即A=B或A+B=90度所以三角形为直角三角形或等腰三角形15、已知π/2<a<π,0<β<π/2,sina=3/5,cos(β-a)=5/13,求sinβ的值解:π/2<a<π-π<-a<-π/20<β<π/2-π<β-a<00<a-β<πsina=3/5,cosa=-4/5cos(β-a)=5/13,sin(a-β)=12/13sinβ=sin(a+β-a)=sinacos(β-a)+cosasin(β-a)=sinacos(a-β)-cosasin(a-β)=3/5×5/13+4/5×12/13=63/6516、已知a∈(-π,0),b∈(0,π/2),且tana=1/7.cosb=3√10/10,求a+2b的值解:b在第一象限,根据cosb=3√10/10=3/√10我们在斜边为√10,b的对边为1,邻边为3的直角三角形中求出tanb=1/3 tan2b=2tanb/[1-tan^2(b)]=(2×1/3)/(1-1/9)=3/4tan(a+2b)=(tana+tan2b)/(1-tana*tan2b)=(1/7+3/4)/(1-1/7*3/4)=1因为0<b<π/2所以0<2b<π又因为tan2b=3/4>0所以0<2b<π/2因为-π<a<0所以-π<a+2b<π/2那么a+2b是第二象限角所以a+2b=3π/417、三角形中,c=2bcosA.求证A=B证明:余弦定理cosA=(b²+c²-a²)/(2bc)所以c=2b(b²+c²-a²)/(2bc)c²=b²+c²-a²a²=b²所以a=b即A=B证毕18、sin(α+π/3)+sinα= -4根号3分之5,-π/2<α<0,则cosα=? sin(a+π/3)+sina=-4√3/51/2sina+√3/2cosa+sina=-4√3/53/2sina+√3/2cosa=-4√3/5√3/2sina+1/2cosa=-4/5cos(a-π/3)=-4/5-π/2<a<0-5π/6<a-π/3<-π/3sin(a-π/3)=-3/5cosa=cos(a-π/3+π/3)=cos(a-π/3)cos(π/3)-sin(a-π/3)sin(π/3)=(-4/5)×(1/2)+(3/5)×(√3/2)=(3√3-4)/1019、已知三角形ABC的周长为4(√2 +1)且sinB+sinC=√2 sinA,(1)求边长a的值(2)若三角形ABC面积=3sinA. 求cosA的值解:(1)a+b+c=4(√2+1)正弦定理a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC=2R(R为外接圆半径)a=2RsinA,b=2RsinB,c=2RsinC2R(sinA+sinB+sinC)=4(√2+1)2R(sinA+√2sinA)=4(√2+1)2RsinA=4a=4(2)S=1/2bcsinA根据题意1/2bcsinA=3sinAbc=6因为a+b+c=4√2+4所以b+c=4√2b²+c²+2bc=32b²+c²=20余弦定理cosA=(b²+c²-a²)/(2bc)=(20-16)/12=4/12=1/320、sinB*sinC=cos²(A/2)求三角形的形状sinB*sinC=cos²(A/2)sinBsin(180-A-B)=(1+cosA)/22sinBsin(A+B)=1+cosA2sinB(sinAcosB+cosAsinB)=1+cosA2sinAsinBcosB+2cosAsin²B=1+cosAsinAsin2B-cosA(1-2sin²B)=1sinAsin2B-cosAcos2B=1cosAcos2B-sinAsin2B=-1cos(A+2B)=-1因为A+B+C=π所以B=C那么三角形是等腰三角形21、计算cos20°-cos40°+cos60°+cos100°=cos20°-cos40°-cos80°+1/2=cos20°-cos40°-cos(20°+60°)+1/2=cos20°-cos40°+sin20°sin60°-cos20°cos60°+1/2=cos20°-cos40°-1/2cos20°+√3/2sin20°+1/2=1/2cos20°+√3/2sin20°-cos40°+1/2=cos(60°-20°)-cos40°+1/2=cos40°-cos40°+1/2=1/222在三角形ABC中,(√3b--c)cosA=acosC,则cosA=?正弦定理a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC=2Ra=2RsinA,b=2RsinB,c=2RsinC那么2R约掉方程变为(√3sinB-sinC)/sinA=cosC/cosAC=180-A-B代入[√3sinB-sin(A+B)]cosA=-sinAcos(A+B)√3sinBcosA-sinAcosBcosA-cosAsinBcosA=-sinA(cosAcosB-sinAsinB) √3sinBcosA-sinAcosAcosB-cos²AsinB=sin²AsinB-sinAcosAcosB√3sinBcosA=sinB(sin²A+cos²A)sinB不为0所以√3cosA=1cosA=√3/323、。