2001年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解一、将下列短文译成英语（35%）不久前美国宇航局宣布，他们测得的数据显示，在最近两个月，南极上空的臭氧空洞已扩大到智利南部城市篷塔阿雷纳斯（Punta Arenas）上空。
这是迄今人类所观测到的最大一个空洞。
更为严重的是，这也是臭氧空洞第一次覆盖一个人口稠密的城市。
许多人对臭氧的作用并不陌生，臭氧距地面约25-30公里，能吸收99%的太阳紫外线，可以说，它是地球生态环境的天然屏障，也是人类繁衍生存的保护伞。
据科学家测算，大气中臭氧含量每减少1%，太阳紫外线的辐射量就会增加2%，而人类皮肤癌患者就会增加5%至7%。
但现在，可以说一个城市的所有居民就处在集体患皮肤癌的危险中。
为了居民的身体健康，篷塔阿雷纳斯及其临近地区被迫宣布进入紧急状态。
这很可能也是人类第一次因臭氧空洞问题而进入紧急状态。
篷塔阿雷纳斯卫生部门再三告诫市民，最好不要在中午11点到下午3点之间外出，因为在阳光下曝晒7分钟左右，皮肤就会受到损伤。
据科学家们观测，臭氧空洞目前已达到2800多万平方公里，而造成臭氧空洞的，正是人类在工业生产中不断释放出氟利昂等化学物质，才使臭氧越来越稀薄，最后形成了现在这个巨大无比的空洞。
虽然这次臭氧空洞扩大，还因为南极大陆的气温不断升高所致，但气温的升高，又与人类大量释放二氧化碳有直接的关系。
但愿篷塔阿雷纳斯的警报是第一次，也是最后一次！【参考译文】Not long ago,NASA(national aeronautics and space administration) announced that the data they had collected showed that in the recent two months,the ozone holes above the Antarctic had extended to Punta Arenas,a southern Chilean city.This is the largest hole that has been observed by mankind so far.More seriously,this is also the first time that ozone holes cover a densely populated city.Many people are familiar with the importance of ozone.Ozone layer,located about25-30km above the ground,can absorb99%of the sun's ultraviolet rays.It can be said the natural barrier of the Earth's ecological environment and the protection umbrella for human survival and reproduction.According to scientists,if the ozone content in the atmosphere reduces1%,the sun's ultraviolet radiation will increase by2%,and the number of skin cancer patients will increase by5%to7%.But now,it can be said that all the inhabitants of a city are at risk of skin cancer. To protect inhabitants'health,Punta Arenas and its neighboring areas can't help but declare a state of emergency.This is probably the first time that human beings have entered a state of emergency due to the problem of ozone hole.Punta Arenas health department repeatedly warned the public,it is not advisable to go out from 11o'clock to3p.m.,because the skin will suffer damages after exposure under the sun for about7minutes.According to scientists,the ozone hole has reached more than2800million square kilometers.It is Freon and some other chemical substances released during the incessant industrial production that deplete ozone layer and finally such a huge hole forms.Although the expanding of ozone hole partly results from the rising of temperature in the Antarctic continent,yet the rising temperature is directly related with the release of carbon dioxide in huge amount.We hope that the warn in Punta Arenas is the first time,and also the last time!二、将下列单句译成英语（15%）1.我们诚心诚意地希望不发生战争,争取长时间的和平,集中精力搞好国内现代化建设。
【答案】We sincerely hope that no war will emerge and peace will last for a long time so that we can pour all of our energies on domestic modernization.2.冷战后，世界形势出现了重大的变化，两极格局宣告终结，多极化成为国际格局演变的主导方向。
【答案】After the Cold War,the world situation has undergone major changes that the bipolar world declared the end and multipolarization has become the leading direction of the evolution of the international situation.3.近些年来，在经济全球化的冲击下，原有的分工格局和资源配置方式正在发生历史性的重要转变。
发达国家在调整，新兴工业化国家、发展中国家和经济转轨国家也在调整，尽管调整内容、难点各不相同。
【答案】In recent years,under the impact of economic globalization,the original division of labor and resource allocation is undergoing historic and important changes.Developed countries,the emerging industrialized countries,developing countries and economic transition countries are all carrying on adjustments, although the content and emphases are different from each other.三、将下列短文译成汉语（35%）Sanctions are a blunt instrument that can sometimes be ed against Iraq,they forced its horrible dictator to disgorge nearly all his most lethal weapons. Ten years on,the perspective has changed.Saddam Hussein remains implanted in power without,for the past15months,any UN inspectors on the spot to discourage him from reinventing his nastiest toys.At the same time,sanctions have all but destroyed his country:its health and educational systems have collapsed;its infrastructure has rusted away;its middle classes have disappeared into poverty;its children are dying.A lot of people now conclude that a change of policy is needed.The oil-for-food programme,passed by the UN Security Council in1996,was supposed to rescue ordinary Iraqis from the deprivations of sanctions.Iraq is allowed to sell a certain amount of oil in exchange for"humanitarian"goods.Denis Halliday,an experienced UN hand,ran this programme for two years,but then resigned in disgust(as did his successor,a few weeks ago).Mr.Halliday now writes forthrightly of"genocide".He and others describe how American and British representatives on the Sanctions Committee hold up everything they suspect, however remotely,to be of dual use.The list of suspect goods runs from heart and lung machines to wheelbarrows,from fire-fighting equipment to detergent,from water pumps to pencils.Some of these points were confirmed this month by Kofi Annan,the UN'S secretary-general,in his report on Iraqi sanctions to the Security Council.He revealed how far the oil-for-food programme still is from alleviating the Iraqitragedy.Mr.Annan has spread his criticism around but is particularly upset,first,by the dangerously dilapidated state of Iraq's oil industry and,second,by the Sanctions Committee's erratic delays in giving the go-ahead for the delivery of goods for hospitals:some$150m worth of medicine and medical equipment is currently held up.At one time,outsiders were set in their views on Iraqi sanctions, seeing the situation in black or white.Now there is a large grey area,and an insistent question:are sanctions still the right policy?The authors document the impact of sanctions on the lives of ordinary Iraqis,and the arguments for change are pretty convincing.The undecided should pay heed.【参考译文】制裁是一种钝器，但有时它也能发挥作用。