两份报纸two copies of newspaper一块肥皂a bar of soap一件家具a piece of furniture一把剪刀a pair of scissors丢弃throw away陷入困境get into trouble工业产品industrial goods农产品agriculture goods一辈子一次性的收获a one-in-a-lifetime acquisition没有出路的工作a dead-end job付一大笔钱pay good money过时be out of fashion流行be in the fashion批量生产mass-production降低成本lower the cost在起作用be at work物美价廉的产品better quality products at good values 所得税income tax投放市场put on the market小批量in limited quantities大量地in large quantities要求ask for下降go down从商go into business努力做某事strive to do sth.医疗设备medical device劣质产品inferior products一条面包a loaf of bread温和宽容的easy- going人造丝artificial silk假牙artificial teeth对…有害be harmful to警惕be on guard认为某事当然take sth for granted由…组成be composed of一个中年妇女 a middle-aged women一些性格开朗的女孩an open-minded girl 一个意志软弱的人 a weak-minded man一个意志坚强的人 a strong-minded soldier 遭受suffer from由于压力as a result of stress警告信号warning signals交通阻塞traffic jam指出point out逃离run away from自杀commit suicide从事摄影take up photography高度工业化国家a highly industrialized country 工业生产industrial production制成品manufactured goods领先take over the lead失去领先地位lose one's lead赤字in the red就…而言as far as … is concerned易手change hands赚钱earn money金融中心a financial centre贸易中心a commercial centre国际贸易international trade外贸foreign trade商船船队a merchant fleet巨额金钱vast sums of money一大笔钱a large sum of money对付，处理deal with有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade贸易差额trade gap失血loss of blood高度机械化的工厂highly mechanized factory产品统一条形码universal product code黑白相间的条纹zebra stripes (or black and white stripes) 斑马线zebra crossing油炸土豆片potato chips炸薯条French fries黑白电视机black and white televisions墨画black and white身上青一块紫一块be black and blue光学扫描器an optical scanner激光束laser beam目的是be designed to消灭，消除do away with付账后离开check out到达登记check in现金出纳机cash register在左边on the left side收款台check out counter原材料raw materials制成品manufactured goods近在手边at hand衣夹clothes-peg晒衣绳clothes-line桌布 a tablecloth洗碗布a dishcloth洗碗机a dishwasher原始人primitive people现代人modern people穿着be dressed in从…上刮去scrape…from把…纺成… spin…into…把…制成make…into4000万年前over four thousand years ago在远古时in the time immemorial富人和穷人一样the rich and the poor alike 想到think of剪去cut off讲故事spin a yarn保守秘密keep a secret直接税direct taxes间接税indirect taxes收入所得税income taxes纳税人taxpayer税务员tax-collector免税的tax-free国税state taxes地方税local taxes穷人the poor富人the rich年轻人the young老年人the old高达as high as以…形势in the form of政府机关government offices凭借by means of在某个星期一的早晨on a Monday morning 在星期一的早晨on Monday morning乘火车take train乘公共汽车take bus布莱克一家the Blacks向某人道别say goodbye to sb.向某人道歉say sorry to sb.每隔几分钟every few minutes每隔一天every other day每隔一行every other line不久以后shortly afterwards通向lead to抓牢hold on to一打鸡蛋a dozen eggs在阳光下in the sun注意pay attention to继续作某事keep (on) doting好像as if自信self-confidence自信的self-confident自大的self-important自助的self-service自给自足的self-sufficient自学的self-taught一般的in general确信be sure of习惯于become accustomed to 抱怨complain about说实话tell the truth说谎tell a lie适用于apply to处理deal with依赖于depend on必修课a required course 同…相处get along with考虑think about日复一日from day to day从始自终from beginning to end每况愈下from bad to worse减速slow down在使用中in use不再使用out of use免费入场admission free免所得税free of income tax免费获得某物get sth. free再步行一段路即可到达的距离之内within walking distance 探知，查明find out得到以下结论come to the conclusion that得出结论draw a conclusion交通高峰时间rush hours交通拥挤traffic jams援助计划aid program视觉教具visual aids助听器hearing-aid捏粘土work clay揉面团work dough一定数量的a certain amount of大量地in large amounts小额地in small amounts优于be superior to劣于be inferior to把…与…相混合mix…with…把…与…分开separate…from 把…分成separate…into用尽use up表现了…的特点be characteristic of 究竟，到底on earth五大湖区the Grate Lakes region通知某人某事inform sb of sth.利用take advantage of准备某事be ready to do sth.很容易拿到within easy reach够不到out of reach想出，熟思think out在人力方面in terms of manpower 在理论上in terms of theory投资于invest in以…代替… replace…with…创新进步innovational advances大波动major fluctuations领导，带头take the lead成群，大批in a swarm一大群蚂蚁a swarm of ants生产资料means of production大量购买buy in bulk参考书reference book面对…困难come up against利息率，利率the interest rate货币市场money market企业投资支出business investment expenditure不愿做某事be reluctant to do和…联系在一起be associated with与…有关系be related to归因于ascribe to规模经济economies of scale以空前的速度at an unprecedented rate换句话说to put it in somewhat different words成功地做成某事succeed in doing sth压出，榨取squeeze…out of每一单位投入every unit of input多于，超过in excess of过渡to excess在非常有利的条件下under extremely favorable conditions 优于，胜过be superior to劣于，次于be inferior to在春末in late spring企图做某事，尝试做某事attempt at doing sth攻击，袭击attempt on拆开，拆散take sth apart国民生产总值Gross National Product (GNP) 生产性投资productive investment与…并驾齐驱keep pace with由于…的原因owing to因…值得受到称赞deserve credit for与…对照，与…对比as opposed to外汇分配foreign exchange allocations停止leave off可自由支配的收入disposable income 对…负责be responsible for准备，筹备provide for到现在为止as yet弥补make up for政府支出government expenditures消费支出consumption expenditures时间滞差a time lag总计，合计in the aggregate集中精力于concentrate on与…有很大关系have a lot to do with 与…无关系have nothing to do with逐渐获得，逐渐建立built up免税tax exemptions技术，技能know-how擦去wipe away辨别，区别distinguish one thing from another 建于…之上be based on/upon独有的特权exclusive privileges独家代理权exclusive agency商标trademark商品名称trade name同类卖价，批发价格trade price关于with respect to不管，不顾虑without respect to公平交易fair dealing使…与…相关联attach…to…就…之限度，在…范围内so far as无形因素intangible factors无形资产intangible assets对某事加以考虑take sth into account大约，多少有一点more or less广泛的兴趣a wide range of interest相当独特fairly individual显著，杰出stand out反之亦然vice versa垄断性竞争monopolistic competition常常more often than not纯粹的垄断pure monopoly纯粹的竞争pure competition纯粹浪费时间 a pure waste of time至于as for需求曲线demand curve概言之，一般说来in general阻止某人做某事preclude sb from doing sth排除所有误解preclude all misunderstanding需求计划demand schedule与…竞争in competition with不完全竞争市场imperfectly competitive market 与…配对be paired with以任意的形势in random fashion与…合并be merged with有几分，稍稍in some measure把…至于显著地位bring into the foreground产生arise from部分独立partial independence经济学文献economic literature给…以其应有分量give due weight to集中精力于focus attention on观点point of view与…不协调out of harmony with与…协调in harmony with经济增长的代价the cost of economic growth不惜任何代价，无论如何at all costs丧失，牺牲at the cost of势如破竹的胜利an overwhelming victory极度的悲哀overwhelming sorrow绝大部分公民the overwhelming number of its citizens 渴望，向往yearn for继续，连续a continuation of为…奋斗struggle for心醉于，被迷倒be charmed with踩，践踏tread on sth踩在某人的脚趾上tread on sb's toes相互追逐tread on each other's heels得意洋洋tread on air与某人祸福与共cast in one's lot with sb决不是，绝对不anything but盼望，期待look forward to结果，因此in consequence富裕繁荣的社会the affluent society在富裕的环境中in affluent circumstances对…满意be content with丰富的饮食food and drink in abundance过着丰衣足食的生活live in abundance依次，轮流in turn赶上琼斯家keep up with the Joneses赶上，不落后Keep up with sb/sth继续作某事deep on doing sth更富有，跟舒服be better off生产商诱导而产生的需要producer-induced demand 成为…之一部分enter into sth自然增长或产生accrue from sth英国的工业革命the English Industrial Revolution传统的生活方式traditional pattern of life仅仅，只不过nothing but等于amount to不是，而是not…but…吸引…的注意get the attention of食品杂货店grocery store为…竞争compete for干得好do a good job记在心里remain in one's mind收款台checkout counter国营公司state-owned company合资公司joint ventures白雪覆盖的山顶snow-covered peak糖衣药丸sugar-coated pills营业时间business hors因公on business开始谈正事get down to business激烈的竞争strong competition通货膨胀inflation顺差surplus城市商业区downtown business district保险业insurance不断的never-ending受限于be limited by被认为是be perceived as把…局限于confine…to为了一切有实用价值的目的for all practical purposes 能够做in the position to do使…变成turn…to对…有影响have an effect on总纲general principles以…为目的be aimed at与…相关的relate to与…联系在一起associate with太阳能solar power受…的控制be subjected to引入lead up通讯系统communication system能源危机an energy crisis财政危机a financial crisis业余画家an amateur painter业余摄影家an amateur photographer 道德的基础the basis of morality柱基the base of a pillar自然现象the phenomena of nature故意的on purpose商业银行a commercial bank金融机构a financial institution金融中心a financial centre财政困难in financial difficulties与生俱来的特权the privileges of birth 活期存款账户checking accounts定期存款账户savings accounts州政府the state government联邦政府the federal government答应一项帮助grant a favor答应一项请求grant a request发给银行执照grant a charter to the bank一定量的资产 a specified volume of assets遵循一定的常规follow certain practices隶属于州的银行state banks国家银行national banks活期存款demand deposits与…相结合couple with部分准备制的原理the fractional reserve principle 在任何一次at any one time可用，握有on hand公债government loans内债domestic loans外债foreign loans可能的买主a prospective buyer增加了increase by增加到increase to被看作be counted as防备取款a precaution against withdrawals追溯到trace to法定最低储备金the required reserve额外储备金excess reserves就…意义而言in the sense在某种意义上in a sense自由港free port外贸保税区foreign-trade zones经济特区special economic zones 从事于政治engage in politics忙着工作be engage in business与某人订婚be engage to sb.普通港口a regular port中东the Middle East远东the Far East近东the Near East关税壁垒tariff barriers起作用，生效in operation为…付关税pay a tariff on…索价，要价charge…for原材料raw material制成品manufactured products码头工人dock workers造船厂，修船所dockyard内河航行inland navigation广告媒介advertising media天天，逐日from day to day并肩地，相互支持地side by side 说出，(尤指无意间)吐露throw out吐露秘密throw out a secret有吸引力，引起兴趣appeal to目标观众target audiences有线电视cable television有线电视广告收入cable ad revenues使遭受，面对be exposed to抛却，扔掉throw away旧货商a junk dealer预付费用the advance cost成本效益cost effectiveness被分为be segmented into(广播中的)答问节目talk shows解释，说明account for使(某人)信服convince…of…相当提前well in advance有…倾向的be subject to有很高的重复接触率high repeat exposure 保险insurance保险额insurance value保险公司insurance company保险范围insurance coverage保险费insurance premium作为对…的报答in return for防御protect against不愿意做某事be unwilling to do经商，经营in business因公有事on business赚钱make a profit收入，接受，吸收take in付钱(如福清费用)pay out投保人policyholder保险单policy建于…之上be based on索价，要价charge for毛利gross profit净利net profit国民生产总值gross national product统计学原理a statistical principle大数定律law of larger numbers随…变动vary with在相反的情形下in the opposite situation 使恢复bring sb back to在…之前prior to为此目的toward this end由于…而发生result from导致result in故意行为an intentional act放火纵火set fire to sth在欺诈的情况下in cases of fraud有助于，促成contribute to重置费用replacement cost资本支出capital expenditure资本货物capital goods固定资本fixed capital流动资本floating capital资本积累accumulation of capital原始资本积累primitive accumulation of capital 把…用于employ…in…以同样的方式in the same manner有几分，有点儿in a manner补偿贸易compensation trade在和平时期in time of peace在战争时期in time of war足够的a sufficiency of sth迫使某人做某事oblige sb to do sth侵占，侵害encroach upon/on预定，命中注定be destined for由…所造成的be occasioned by在大多数情况下upon most occasions在那个时机on that occasion曾经，有一次on one occasion很少，不常on rare occasions足以be sufficient to从…而产生出来的be derived from使恢复restore to投资需求investment demand投资规模investment scale消费者需求consumer demand国民收入national income指出point out在…方面起着关键作用be pivotal in设身处地put oneself in the place of可能作某事be likely to do许多a host of对某事加以考虑take sth into account对某事不予考虑leave sth out of account在开始时at the outset从开始时from the outset政府的年限the life of a government企业预测business expectations决定性的因素 a crucial factor在重要的关头at the crucial moment在…方面in terms of国内工业home industries国内产品home products国内贸易the home trade国内市场the home market美国国会the United States Congress外贸保税区法the Foreign Trade Zones Act(英国)议院的法案An Act of Parliament(美国)国会的法案The Acts of congress外贸保税区管理委员会the Foreign Trade Zone Board 董事会the Board of Directors国际商务局the Bureau of International Commerce天津商检局Tianjin Commodity Inspection Bureau美国商业部United States Department of Commerce市场经济market economy计划经济planned economy决定性的测验the crucial test决定性的问题the crucial question在重要的关头at the crucial moment以分散的方式in a decentralized fashion市场价格机制 a price-and-market mechanism技术工skilled labor劳工与雇主之间的关系labor relations工党the Labor Party纯粹的形式a pure form英国工业革命the English Industrial Revolution法国大革命The French Revolution普遍地at large倾向于做某事be inclined to do sth.全社会society at large有…倾向的be subject to由…产生的stem from实质上，根本上in effect供求机制the supply and demand mechanism完全承袭…传统in the full tradition of对于…感到悲观be pessimistic about对于…感到乐观be optimistic about指出point out个人利益private interest社会利益society interest支持某人on sb's side获胜，击败triumph over高度计划的社会主义经济highly planned socialist economies 用这样或那样的方式in one way or another介入step in决不by no means当然，必定by all means就…而言as far as…is concerned比较利益comparative advantage把…从…解放出来free…from使…束缚于bind…to…生产过程production processes比较利益原则the law of comparative advantage 指…而言refer to把…比作为compare to适用于be applicable to使适应，使适合be geared to/toward为某事给某人报酬或奖赏reward sb for sth把…应用于，使用于apply…to…归类程序sorting process彼此one another相比之下by contrast卷入involve in完完全全的自由贸易perfectly free commerce致力于devote…to对…有益处的be beneficial to整个社会的普遍利益the universal good of the whole 独特的力量the peculiar powers大批量生产mass production总的生产规模the general mass of productions 总收益general benefit商业往来commercial intercourse文明世界the civilized world把…用于… employ…in不得不做某事be obliged to do sth.在…方面低劣inferior in在…方面优越superior in交换in exchange for对…有利be advantageous for使…从…转移到divert…from…to标准化集装箱standardized containers集装箱运输container transport陆运overland transportation海运sea transportation空运air transportation水运water transportation管道运输pipeline transportation联运combined transport承运人carrier托运人consignor收货人consignee铁路运单consignment note空运单air waybill租船合同charter party提单bill of lading订舱单booking note重新占领市场regain market share背负式运输服务piggy-back service 从…方面来讲in terms of专门从事specialize in与…结合merge with失效，崩溃break down存货占用成本inventory carrying costs 短途送货short-distance distribution长途送货long distance distribution汽车装运的货物trucked goods空运货物air freight基础设施infrastructure。