absence n. absent adj. 缺席的 心不在焉的 in/during one’s absence 当…不在时 absence of mind 心不在焉 He was absent from the meeting. It happened during/in your absence. She had an absent look on her face. absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的 Our neighbor is very absent-minded and is always getting locked out of his house.
in advance 提前 预先 in advance of 在…之前; 比…先进
I should warn you in advance that I'm not a very good dancer.
Could you distribute copies well in advance of the meeting?
on purpose 故意地 for the purpose of sth 为了…的目的 for…purpose The purpose of conducting a business is to make money. You make it sound as if I did it on purpose! For what purposes are you doing that?
sigh with 叹气 sigh for 思念 sigh over 对…发出叹息
He sighed with pleasure after the excellent meal.
“I wish I had finished this work,” she said with a sigh. / she sighed.
She sighed for her lost youth.
All the girls sighed over Betty's beautiful dress
have an obligation to do/sb 有责任/义务
be under an/no obligation to do/sb
You're under no obligation to pay for goods which you did not order.
make certain (that) for certain = for sure sure与certain用法基本相同 it作形式主语或形式宾语时只用certain a certain 某个，某种 pron. certain of Certain of the products are faulty.(有毛病)
1. According to the passage, should people plan what they’re going to say at parties?
apology n. apologise/apologize v. receive/accept an apology (from) make an apology for (doing) sth apologize to sb for (doing) sth She finally received an apology from the company. I owe him an apology. I must apologize for not being able to meet you. I'm so sorry, I do apologize.
Parents are under a legal obligation to educate their children.
Employers have an obligation to treat all employees equally.
favour / favor in favour of / in one’s favour 支持 赞成 I talked to Susie about it, and she's all in favor of going. The vote was 60-59 in the government's favor. We are in favor of her promotion to president. Duncan had his height and weight in his favour during the fight. （对…有利） do sb a favour ask sb a favour / ask a favour of sb
Read the passages and answer:
1. According to the passage, should people plan what they’re going to say at parties?
2. What do people think about those who talk too much?
lack 缺乏 n. v. n. lack of Too many teachers are treated with a lack of respect. vt. Alex's real problem is that he lacks confidence. be lacking in She is lacking in responsibility. ~ for sth （need sth ）需要某事物 They lacked for nothing.
In addition to the names on the list there are six other applicants. additionally adv. 此外
Additionally, about 85% of them are made abroad and imported.
confident adj. confidence n. confidently adv. self-confident/ce/tly be confident that / about / of have confidence in/to do He is quite confident that there will be no problems this time. I feel quite confident about the future. Peter is confident of winning the post as the assistant to the managing director. I didn't have any confidence in myself. Good training will give a beginner the confidence to enjoy skiing.
Their aircraft were in advance of those used by the US.
advanced adj. 先进的 高级的 发达的
in addition 此外, 加之 in addition to 除…之外又
The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available.
answer和reply都可用作及物动词，作“回答” 解，但answer可跟名词作宾语而reply只能跟直 接引语或宾语从句，跟名词时须加to。
He replied that he didn’t know the secret.
Please reply to my question at once.
in/under … circumstances 在…的情况下 under no circumstances 无论如何不, 决不 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下; 情
形既然如此
He was forced by circumstances to do this. Prisoners can only leave their cells under certain circumstances。 Maybe under these circumstances we may say that man can conquer nature. Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.
imagine that/what/how/why… imagine (sb) doing sth imagine sb/sth as / to be … It is difficult/easy/possible/impossible to imagine … Can you imagine what it's like when it's really hot out here in Delhi? He didn't quite dare to imagine himself as a real artist. After such a dry summer, it's difficult to imagine what rain looks like.
acquaint v. acquaint sb/oneself with 使…熟悉… acquainted adj. be acquainted with 对…熟悉 You will soon become fully acquainted with the procedures. I am not acquainted with the lady. I need to acquaint myself with the new regulations. acquaintance n.