learning
kinds
Phonological interference ----Those who cannot distinguish /n/and /l/
sound in Chinese cannot distinguish the two sounds in English , either
Contrastive Analysis
Group Member：...
Outline
➢ What is Contrastive Analysis/ Study/ Linguistics?
➢ What is the psychological basis of CA? ➢ What procedures should we adopt while conducting CA? ➢ What do we contrast / compare?
Teaching materials based on contrastive analysis can reduce the effects of interference and difficulties , and facilitate L2 learning.
Two types of transfer
kinds
Intralingual Cross-linguistic/Interlingual Phonological interference Syntactic interference Contrastive pragmatics
Kinds
Intralingual ---Analysis of contrastive phonemes. ---Feature analysis of morph syntactic categories. ---Analysis of morphemes having grammatical
Definition
An inductive investigative approach based on the distinctive elements in a language .It involves the comparison of two or more languages or subsystems of language in order to determine both the differences and similarities between them . It could also be done within one language.CA can be both theoretical and applied according to varied purpose.
The main difficulties in learning a L2 are caused by interference from the L1.
CA can predict , or at least account for , difficulties in L2 learning.
meaning ---Analysis of d order
Kinds
Cross-linguistic/Interlingual ---Comparative analysis of morph syntactic
systems. ---Comparative analysis of lexical semantics ---Analysis of translational equivalence ---Study of interference in foreign language
Theoretical bases
Heavily influenced by Structuralism and Behaviorism.
The focus on CA is on the surface structure, including the phonology , morphology , syntax and discourse.
Positive transfer : similar structure facilitate learning.L1 habits can successfully be used in the L2.
Negative transfer: “interference” from the L1 . L1 habits will cause errors in the L2.
➢Procedures of conducting CA
The procedures followed involve: 1) description (i.e. a formal description of the two
languages was made such as distinctive features of each)
Kinds
Contrastive pragmatics ----Analysis needs to consider not only
linguistic contrasts but also pragmatic contrasts such as the similarities and differences in the stylistic uses , cultures , and other communicative networks.
Following behaviorism , CA emphasizes on transfer in language learning
Basis assumptions
L2 learning involves overcoming difficulties in the linguistic systems of the target language.