III . Vocabulary Activities1.1. extremely (very)2. hazard (danger)3. pollute (make dirty or unfit use)4. originally (in the beginning)5. feasibility (possibility of being carried out)6. survive (continue to live, esp. after coming close to death)7. atmosphere (the whole mass of air round the earth)8. conclusion (belief or opinion which is the result of reasoning)9. proceed (continue, esp. after an interruption)10. conference ( a meeting for discussion)11. billion (a thousand million)12. humorous (amusing and funny)2. Fill in the blanks with notice or pay attention to in their correct forms: notice 注意到… 看到… 留心…Have you noticed she wears a very expensive necklace?pay attention to 注意, 将注意力集中到…When you drive a car, you should pay attention to drive the lines?1) If you had paid attention to what he said, you could have avoided repeating such a bad mistake. 虚拟语气,与过去相反2) Mr. White didn’t know I was in his office. He was too busy to notice me.3) On the way home from the party Nancy asked her mother if she had noticed anything strange in the way the hostess behaved.if –宾语从句anything←strange adj 奇怪的情况4) “Pay attention to what you are doing,” the teacher said. “You should not let your thoughts wander.” 祈使句let your thoughts(to) wander 使意动词后不定式去to5) Mrs. Wolfe noticed a great change in her husband when he returned home form a business trip to Europe.6) Obviously too much attention was paid to the details.Obviously too much attention has been paid to the details.3. Fill in the blanks with spend, pay or cost:spend 人做主语+ spend + time / moneypay 人做主语+ pay + money tocost 物做主语+ cost + money1)The New English - Chinese Dictionary I bought her cost me almost sixty Yuan.The New English - Chinese Dictionary 定从I bought her2)When he was very young Joe often wondered why his mother wouldn't spend a penny on herself.3)Does it cost a lot to have the CD player repaired?4)Peter’s aunt is used to a simple way of living. No wonder she doesn’t want to spend so much money on food or clothing.used to-prep 过去常常做某事used to sth / used to doing sthI used to get up at 6.be used to do 习惯于I am used to getting up early.No wonder she doesn’t want to spend so much money on food or clothing. It is no wonder that 主从she doesn’t want to spend so much money on food or clothing. 完整句It is no wonder that you came / were later.与强调句型不同,去掉it is … that / it was … that去掉后还可以当句子成份no wonder 难怪/ small wonder / little wonder单独使用A: They are getting divorced.B: No wonder.It is no wonder that he got a loan from the bank.5) Jane paid less than twelve pounds for her shoes.pay money for sth less than 不到I paid less than 200 Y uan for my watch.I paid less than 20 Y uan for my bag.6) The thief was about to leave the store when he was stopped and asked if the articles under his arm had been paid for.be about to do 表示将来动作,马上要做的动作,事情I am about to get married.The film is about to start.Please, get ready. The guests are about to arrive.he was stopped and asked if宾从the articles under his arm had been paid for. articles 文章/ 冠词/ 东西7) It goes without saying that everyone has to spend to get into the cinema. that everyone has to spend to get into the cinema.主从8) Dick’s uncle has to pay for his education as his father has come down in the world.as 原因状语从句his father has come down in the world.9) Electricity will probably cost more than it did last year.electricity 电10) In the past few years the factory spent a lot of money improving its working.the factory 相当于人称sb spend moneysth costsb pay for 为什么支付钱4. Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a word or phrase 1) Industrial cities such as Chicago and Detroit have severely have been polluting / have polluted the waters of the Great Lakes.Severely严格地waters水域I want to drink some water.2)They are studying the feasibility of building a new shopping center outside town.3) Medical researchers reached the conclusion long ago that smoking is a serious hazard to health.reached达到reach a conclusion / come to a conclusionarrive at a conclusion / draw a conclusionlong ago 很久以前conclusion同位语从句that smoking is a serious hazard to health.Smoking is a hazard to health.4) George Washington, the first President of the United States, is known as the Father of His Country.known as 以… 闻名/ 被称之为…George Washington,同位语the first President of the United States,5) The fire that broke out in the plant during the night was still seen giving off / emitting a lot of smoke the next morning.The fire←主语补足语giving off a lot of smoke the next morning.He was seen standing at the gate of the library.The fire that定从broke out in the plant during the nightplant / factory / mill 工厂Dalian Steel Plant6) The World Cup was transmitted around the world by satellite. transmitted传播7) The movie we are going to see is said to be based on the life story of an American general.The movie is said to be based on the life story of an American general.The movie 定从we are going to seegeneral 将军/ 大众8) There are nine planets in the solar system. They are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.9) Supporters of gun control have worked for many years to ban the sale of deadly handguns in American.have worked努力10) My native town, which was originally rater small, has now been built into the sky.My native town我的老家has now been built into the sky.which was originally rater small, has now been built into the sky.非限定性定从11) Jinmao Building in Pudong, Shanghai can be seen from miles away, sticking up.sticking up分词短语做原因状语12) The speaker said something about the actors first and then proceeded to talk about the film.13) We had a long debate as to whether we should spend so much money on space technology.as to / about debate 讨论as to←whether宾从we should spend so much money on space technology. 介词–宾语从句14) A plate dropped from her fingers and smashed into pieces on the kitchen floor.15) The bad weather set back our building program by three weeks.16) “Why won’t you go to Tibet with me?” “For one thing, I don’t like flying, and for another, I can’t afford it.”5. Rewrite each of the following sentences, using the words in brackets:1)Water makes up most of the earth’s surface.A make upB A构成BThe earth’s surface is mostly composed of water.B is composed of A B由A构成2)Both ice and snow on the roads make driving dangerous during the Christmas season.both … and …两者都Both Lynne and I like to watch TV series.I like both novels and movies.make + O + C ← adj make driving dangerousHis words make me very angry.Her Christmas gift made me very happy.The situation then made her very nervous.The present situation make his very nervous.Such kind of life makes her bored.Ice and snow on the roads both create hazards for drivers during the Christmas season.3)The youngest child of the family was the only survivor of the earthquake.The youngest child survived the earthquake, but the rest of the family died. survivor of 什么的幸存者He was the only survivor of the car accident.Mr. Wang was the only survivor of the fire.survived in the earthquake -vtsurvived the earthquake -vi4)Some streets in American cities are not safe place to live because of crime. streets←介词短语做定语Crime makes / has make some streets in American cities unfit to live.5)The fog resulted in several cars running into each other on the highway. run into 碰撞O C分词做宾补Several cars crashed into each other on the highway due to the fog.result in = lead to = cause 导致,造成SARS resulted in the death of many people in the spring of 2003.due to = because of – prep 因为We didn't go to the Zoo due to the bad weather.I didn't go to school because of a high fever.6)The rider of the motorbike stretched out his arm to warn that he would turn left. 目的状语宾从The rider of the motorbike made a signal with his arm for a left turn.The rider of the motorbike stretched out his arm to make a signal for a left turn. rider of …什么的骑行者IV. Enriching Your Word Power1.accept – acceptance guide – guidanceappear – appearance perform – performancearrive – arrival propose – proposaldepend – dependence refuse – refusaldiffer – difference remove – removaldisturb – disturbance sign – signalexist – existence survive – survivorconfer – conference insist – insistence2. Complete the following sentences: n + v + er = sb / sth1) A dressmaker is a person whose job is making women’s dresses and other clothing.2) A troublemaker is a person who often makes trouble for others.3) A weedkiler is a chemical for killing weeds.4) A recordholder is one who holds the record for some achievement.5) A timekeeper is a person or thing that keeps time.6) A landowner is a person who owns land.7) A bookseller is a person who sells book.8) A shipbuilder is a person whose work is building ships.9) A taxi driver is a person whose job is driving a taxicab.10) A can opener is a tool for opening cans.Usage.1.有时形容词也是以ly结尾的2.这些形容词有指代人的名词构成,表明人具有或应刻具有的本质3.其他以ly结尾的单词,以时间段的名词相关,表示一段时间而描述,每隔一段时间发生的事情。