初中英语语法精讲班：第一课语法体系导入图：一，名词1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

3、名词所有格：名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。

二、代词：1、代词的分类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。

2、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you (你) he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾me you (你) him her it us you them (他们,格(我) (他) (她) (她) (我们) (你们) 她们,它们) 3、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。

第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性形容词性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their (他们的,她们的,它们的)名词性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)4、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。

第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性myself (我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves(他们/她们/它们自己)5. 指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。

单数复数含义this(这个) these(这些) 指较近的人和物that(那个) those(那些) 指较远的人和物such (这样的人/物)指上文提过的人和物same (同样的人/物)指和上文提过的相同的人和物it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时6、关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。

7.、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。

单数含义some anynonone/ /each(every)oneeither,neithersothe other,another复合不定代词不可数含义muchlittle,a littleall/ ////复数含义manyfew,a fewones bothothers,the others※注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切),everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).(1)some和any 的用法：(2)no和none的用法：(3)all和both的用法：(4)every和each用法：every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。

如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are verybusy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干)(5)either和neither的用法：(6)other、the other和another的用法：(7)many和much的用法：(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。

s(10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。

如：Which jacket wouldyou like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？/ I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些) (13)none、no one、nobody的区别：no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。

如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket .(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。

) / None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。

)9、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。

10、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。

who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever名词和代词练习题1. They got much _____ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. newsD. Stories2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .A. 25 minutes' walkB. 25 minute's walkC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk4. An old _______ wants to see you.A. peopleB. personC. the peopleD. the person5. Help yourself to __________.A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.A. room's numberB. rooms' numberC. room numbersD. rooms' numbers7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room8. ________ mothers couldn't go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter'sB. Mary and PeterC. Mary's and PeterD. Mary's and Peter's9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.A. her uncleB. her uncle'sC. her unclesD. aunt's10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn't ________ in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot experience11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.A. youB. yourC. your sisterD. your sister's12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.A. Frenchmen, GermansB. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen13.The team ________ having a meeting .A. isB. areC. amD. be14. "Would you like _________?" "________, please."A. drink, Three coffeesB. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffeeD. a drink, Three cups of coffees15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.A.earth and stone, millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million ofD. the earths and stones, millions1．Last night, there was a food accident. The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.A. child, livesB. children, lifeC. children, livesD. child, life2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.---OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and motherB. my mother and father'sC. my mother's and father'sD.my father's and my mother3. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.A. Class ThirdB. Third ClassC. Class ThreeD. Three class4. Today is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. TeachersB. Teachers'C. the Teachers'D. Teacher's5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _________ bicycle ride.A.half an hours'B. half an hour'sC. half an hourD. an hour and a half6. --- What would you like to drink, girls?--- _________, please.A.Two cup of coffeeB. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffeeD. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.A. funB. wishesC. interestD. thanks8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.A. childB. boyC. boysD. childs9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.A. two weeksB. two-weeksC. two weeks'D. two week's10. They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.A. visitorB. visitorsC. visitor'sD. visitors'11.--- How many workers are there in your factory?--- There are two ___________.A. hundredsB. hundredC. hundred ofD. hundreds of12. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?--- It sounds really wonderful.A. subjectB. musicC. bookD. animal13. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.A. placeB. roomC. fieldD. ground14. _________ comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. WoolB. PorkC. MuttonD. Milk15. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.A. medicineB. lessonsC. photosD. exercise16. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.A. minuteB. minutes'C. minutes'sD. minutes17. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!A. a good newsB. some good newsC. some good newesD. much good news18. Which is the ________ to the post office?A. streetB. wayC. roadD. address19. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.A. my unclesB. my uncles'C. my uncle'sD. my uncle's family20. Maths ________ not easy to learn.A. areB. isC. amD. Were代词练习题1 These are ＿＿＿books. Yours are over there.A IB myC meD mine2 —＿＿＿is she?—She is a teacher.A WhatB HowC WhoD Where3＿＿＿is wrong with my watch. It has stopped＿＿＿.A Something, workingB Something, to workC Any thing, workingD Anything, to work4 Mary, help ＿＿＿to the bananas, please.A youB yourC yourselfD yourselves5 —＿＿＿do you go to school every day?—By bus.A HowB WhyC WhenD Where6 My skirt is＿＿＿popular than＿＿＿.A much, herB much, hersC more, herD more, hers7 —Can you speak English?—Yes, but only＿＿＿.A fewB a fewC littleD a little8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of＿＿＿.A IB meC myD mine9 “＿＿＿do you hear from your parents?”“About once a month.”A How longB How manyC How oftenD How much10 Mr Green wouldn't say ＿＿＿at the meeting.A everythingB nothingC anythingD something11 “Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her ＿＿＿to eat.”“Good idea!”A anything niceB nice anythingC something niceD nice something12 —When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?—I don't mind. ＿＿＿time is OK.A SomeB NeitherC EitherD Both13 This is not her kite,but＿＿＿.A he'sB himC heD his14 Don't worry, Mum! ＿＿＿news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.A NoB ManyC ThoseD Two15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has ＿＿＿apples than he.A fewB manyC moreD fewer16 There isn't ＿＿＿in today's newspaper.A anything interestingB something interestingC nothing interestingD interesting anything17 September 10th is＿＿＿Day?A TeacherB TeachersC Teacher'sD Teachers'18 —In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway”food. What about people in your country? —＿＿＿A So we do.B We do so.C So do we.D We so do.19 —Shall we go into that shop and have a look?—Sorry. I won't. I have ＿＿＿to do there.A everythingB anythingC somethingD nothing20—Oh, dear! Who broke the glass?—＿＿＿Sam ＿＿＿Bruce. It was the cat.A Both, andB Not, butC Neither, norD Either, or21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.＿＿＿are climbing the hill.A OthersB OtherC AnotherD The other22 She is not a nurse. I'm not＿＿＿.A alsoB eitherC neitherD too23 I have two pencils. One is red,＿＿＿is blue.A the otherB anotherC othersD the others24 Sorry, I can't answer your question. I know ＿＿＿about the subject.A littleB a littleC fewD a few25 My sister doesn't like skating. ＿＿＿.A So do IB So I don'tC Neither I don'tD Neither do I26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,＿＿＿.A you, he and IB I, you and heC he, I and youD you, I and he27 All the students are busy, so＿＿＿of them will go to the concert.A manyB littleC a fewD few28 The teacher gave ＿＿＿student a new book.A nobodyB bothC eachD any29 Black is neither a teacher ＿＿＿a worker.A orB eitherC norD and30 Our teacher gave us＿＿＿on studying.A many advicesB some advicesC an adviceD some advice31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One ＿＿＿is from Japan, is from America.A otherB othersC the otherD the others32 Are there ＿＿＿on the table?A some cupsB any cupC some cupD any cups33 I've just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, ＿＿＿are American stamps.A the otherB the othersC otherD others34 It was＿＿＿fine day that they went to the park.A a soB so aC such aD a such35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. So＿＿＿people liked taking trains.A littleB a littleC fewD a few36 We must help and understand each＿＿＿.A otherB anotherC othersD the other37 ＿＿＿is difficult to walk on the moon.A ManB OneC ThatD It38 Jane has sent several letters, but ＿＿＿of them have been answered.A allB bothC eitherD none39 I don't know ＿＿＿about the new headmaster.A somethingB everythingC nothingD anything40＿＿＿of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.A NoB NoneC NotD Neither。