高级英语写作教案示范Part Two Basic Skill’s Training基本技能训练I.Teaching MaterialsSee Part TwoII.Teaching Aims1.Teach the students how to use the most useful words appropriately.2.Help the students make correct judgement about their own language mistakes andteach them to find out the correct ways to avoid the inappropriate, unidiomatic expressions.III.Teaching Time: 4 periodsIV.Teaching Focuses1.Unique ways of making correct judgement in choosing proper words to expressoneself in writing.2.General rules of correcting wordiness and omission in language.V.Teaching Procedures1.Step One—Ask the students how many levels are there in language according tothem?2.Step Two—Give out some exercises concerning with the false usage of languageand make corrections in class.3.Step Three—Analysis and brief summary of each type of basic language training.4.Step Four—AssignmentVI.Detailed study of step one: a discussion on the formality of the words in different situations.VII.Detailed study of step two.Section One Choice of words措辞The choice of words from one’s vocabulary can affect his writing style. Let’s look at two groups of words and compare them:Pretentious Wording(fml.) Common Wording(standard)in regards to concerning, aboututilize useelucidate explainprior to beforebecause of the fact becauseof the opinion believeascertain find outcommence beginWhen selecting words to use in an essay it is important to remember the four levels of diction:1)Formal—Highly educated audience: ceremonial, scholarly or technical purpose.2)Standard—Educated audience: college papers, mass publications, business communications, and many other writing purposes.3)Informal—General audience: spoken rather than written situations, personal letters, conversational and entertaining purposes.4)Slang—Specific audience: used to enhance the writing through dialogue essential to the character, such as in novels; or to build connections between members of a specific group or generation. Exercises:1. In each sentence below, choose the more precise of the two words in brackets and fill in the blank with your choice:1).A judge must be ______ in the cases he tries. (uninterested, disinterested)A few listeners were _____ and dozed off.2). Y our niece impressed me as sweet and _____. (childish, childlike)Though she has grown up, her behavior is often _____.3). The President spoken on the radio to the ____. (land, nation)4).Why were you so ____ about your achievements? (humble, modest)5).She has become very _____ since marrying him. (respectable, respectful)People are serious and _____ at religious services.Keys:disinterested, uninterested, childlike, childish, nation, modest, respectable, respectfulSection Two Confusion of words用词混淆1. There are only three pairs of words in English which seemed to be as the antonyms, yet they are not. Pick them out:a. flammable/inflammableb. hinge/unhingec. valuable/invaluabled. integrate/disintegratee. furl/unfurlf. ravel/unravelKeys:a, c, f2.Choose the correct words to fill in the blanks:1)The nurses take good care of the _____. (diseased, deceased)2)He is under the ____ that he often hears voices urging him to kill. (illusion, delusion)3)Laziness _____ to his failure. (contribute, attribute)4)The guests _____ the hostess on her cooking. (complement, compliment)5)The young lady despised the good ____ he had given. (counsel, council)6) He is _____ enough to believe anything you tell him. (credible, credulous)7) It’s _____ to err. (hum an, humane)8) The ____ of the enemy troops was sinking. (moral, morale)9) Let’s ____ to the next item on the agenda. (precede, proceed)10) We must adhere to the four cardinal ______. (principal, principle)Keys: diseased, delusion, contributed, complimented, counsel; credulous, human, morale, proceed, principlesSection Three Problems of collocation搭配问题Collocation mainly involves with verb and prepositions or adverbs, which are called phrasal verbs.1.Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs:1)The plan was well conceived, but it broke ___ because people were unwilling to cooperate.2)A rash broke ____ on her hands, so she went to see a doctor.3)As the famous movie star appeared, the waiting crowds broke ____ loud cheers.4)Dr. Salk failed many times, but he finally broke ____ to find a successful polio vaccine.5)Sentences can be broken _____ clauses, and clauses _____ phrases.Keys: down, out, into，through, up into2.Choose one of the four answers to complete the sentence:1)When I was young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon __ it.A. got offB. got acrossC. got awayD. got over2)Obviously, the laz y girl would never ____ her parent’s expectation.A. come up toB. face up toC. live up toD. stand up to3)Y oung children soon ___ words they hear their elders use.A. put forwardB. turn upC. pick upD. use up4)The manager needs an assistant that he can _____ to take care of problems in his absence.A. count onB. count inC. count upD. count out]5)Then the speaker ____ the various factors leading to the present economic crises.A. went afterB. went forC. went intoD. went onKeys: D, C, C, A, CSection Four Wordiness累赘In writing, we should try every means to make a sentence concise and avoid repetition. For example,we sho uld use “We must keep studying. /We must study persistently.” instead of “We must study, study, and study.”1.Cross out the unnecessary words in the sentence:1)Rachel Carson was a woman who pioneered in ecological studies.2)In the book it tells about a spring when no birds sang.3)Robins eat many earthworms a day, and they eat as many as earthworms a minute. Keys:1)Rachel Carson pioneered in ecological studies.2)The book tells about a spring when no birds sang.3)Robins eat many earthworms a day.2.Improve the following sentences and try to shorten them:1)Speech is silver, and silence is gold.2)Since he could not meet his brother at the airport, he sent his secretary to replace him.3)After he has graduated, Tom will work in his father’s company.Keys:1)Speech is silver and silence gold.2)Unable to meet his brother at the airport, he sent his secretary instead.3)After graduation, Tom will work in his father’s company.3.In English, there are many words which have the similar meaning instead of the repetition of a same word. For example: dead and gone, fair and square, null and void, high and mighty, wit and wisdom, valor and vigor.And there are words which have the opposite meaning to be combined as a phrase:fire and water, thick and thin, weal and woe, etc. all make the language concise and emphatic.Section Five Omission of words漏词If you omit a preposition or an adverb in a sentence, then you may make it change into a faulty one:1.Please find out the omitted parts of each sentence and complete them:1)She is remembered not only for her warning about the dangers of insecticide poisoning but for her charming studies of the sea.2)Clearly a malfunction of a nuclear reactor is more serious than a steam engine.3)Barry Commoner does not call for a halt to scientific progress but rather evaluation of the risks involved in a scientific development before action is taken.Keys:1)but also… 2)than that of… 3)rather for…2.Please try to modify the paragraph and fill in the words at theappropriate places:It is said that a person’s childhood are the most important years in a person’s life. I dare say most people agree the above statement. They may give reasons like “Children are most receptive”, “Children are curious about everything” and so on. In my opinion, however, most important years in a person’s life are early adulthood. In this period, a person experiences the most important stages in his life: higher education, love, marriage.Keys: childhood years, agree with, the most important , are those of early childhood, and marriageVIII. Assignment:Please try to modify the paragraph and fill in the words at theappropriate places:Some teachers seem to be good teachers, but not, even though their students have no special fault to find them. They are not good teachers because they have no special vision, social urge, fight. They know their respective fields very well. They have orderly minds. Y et something keeps them from a great teacher like Socrates. This kind of teacher is more interested in the subject being taught than students or social progress. A good teacher never ceases to think the fates and sorrows of fellow beings.A good teacher is always eager to bring about social structure which people will be free to be themselves.Keys: but they are not, find with them, no social urge, no fight, from being a great teacher, think about the fates, a social structure in which…。