语法内容----从句一．从句的分类主语从句（谓语之前）This is what he told me last night.表语从句（系动词之后）What he said is true.宾语从句（实意动词之后）Tell me what he said at the meeting.同位语从句名词之后，与名词是等同关系）The news that he will come makesme happy.（解释the news)定语从句（修饰名词或代词）The news that he tole me is true状语从句（修饰动词）1.)时间.....I stayed home while ha was away.(说明呆家的时间）2.)地点....You should put the book where it was.(说明放的位置）3. 原因....He didn’t come because he was ill.(说明没来的原因）4.)结果...He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch cup him(他跑得快导致的结果）5.) 目的...We left early so that we could catch the first train.(说明我们早出发的目的）6.) 条件...I will not lend the book to you unless you return it intime.(说明我借书给你的前提条件）7.）让步...(Although he may have told you, I still think she is notto be trusted.(说明就算退一步讲，我也不信任她）8.）方式...You should do as I tell you.(说明你要做的方式）9.）比较...The room is bigger than that one.(形容/副词的比较用法）二、从句的连接词(根据从句类型来用）1.名词性从句- 主语从句陈述句（that)宾语从句-----根据从句类型一般疑问句(weather/if)表语从句特殊疑问句(what/how/when/同位语...- where/why/who.)以宾从为例陈述句：He said that he could help me.(I can help you)一般问句He asked weather/if I could help him.( Can youhelp me?)特殊问句：He asked what I was doing.( What are you doing?He asked how I did it?.( How did you do it?)(2）主语从句的倒装(it 作形式主语）That he is a doctor is true.= It is true that he is a doctor千真万确，他是个医生。
Whether she comes or not makes no difference.= It is no difference whether she comes or not. 她来不来都没关系。
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.= It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.还不清楚谁对此事负责人。
2.定语从句(根据先行词在从句中的成分确定）主语（人）--who(that可代)宾语（人）--whom(that可省可代）主语（物）--which（that可代）宾语（物）--which（that可省可代）定语（人的）--whose（物的）--whose状语(修饰动词状态）时间when地点where原因whyThe children who had been watching started to laugh.一直在旁观看的小孩们开始笑了起来。
（人主--who/that)The boy (whom) you saw yesterday is here now.你昨天见到的那个男孩现在就在那儿。
（You saw the boy, 人宾--whom(that)可省可代）The house whose windows are broken is scary.窗户破了的那所房子很恐怖。
（the windows of the house, 物的-whose=of which,定语)I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. 我永远不会忘记上大学的那一天。
This is the factory where I worked three years ago.这就是我三年前工作过的工厂。
（I worked in the factory)He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so sad.他没有告诉我他那么伤心的原因。
( I don’t know why he was so sad)(2)限定性和非限定性.....（不可用that）This is the book which(that) he gave me.(限定性定从）He gave me a book yesterday, which is useful. （没有which句子完整，which不可省也不可用that来代替）（3）As和which用于非限定定语从句As “正如.......”；(位置可前可后）Which “这.....”（因果关系，位置：主句，which...)He was late again, as could be expected. 他又迟到了，正如预料的那样。
He was late again, which made me angry.他又迟到了，这让我很生气。
（4）介词+which/whom...... （根据习惯搭配；上下文意义确定介词）The company in which I am working is a large one.我上班的那个公司是家大型公司。
( I am working in the company. The company is a large one. The person with whom you talked is a famous writer. 和你谈话的那个人是一位有名的作家。
（You talked with the person. The person is a famous writer)This is the program of which I was speaking.这就是我所说的节目。
（I wasspeaking of the program. This is the program.)（5）定语从句和同位语从句（修饰名词）定从--根据成分确定关联词（主宾定状，人/物）同位语-- 与被修饰名词是等同关系根据从句类型确(陈述；一般、特殊）对被修饰名词进一步说明The news which he told me made happy.(the news 物主--which)The news that he could come made me happy.(the news=he could come)（6）定语从句和强调句型强调句型---It is /was+被强调部分（除谓语外）+that +......定语从句--It is +名词/代词+ that+.....It is in this shop that we met yesterday. （去掉It is...that=We met in this shop yesterday)It is the shop where we met yesterday.(去掉It is...that句子不完整）（7）插入语位置：在关联词之后关联词不变含义变窄They went to the place where they believed they could find food.This is the book which he said is useful for us.3.状语从句的连接词---逐一记忆1.) 时间.....（1.）when 特指过去或将来的某一时刻（be doing/be about to)正当.....突然as 两个动作同时发生while 一段时间然而；却（AB两者的对比）He entered the room when the meeting was going on.(他进房间是会议进行的时候）He sang songs as he was talking a bath.(唱歌和洗澡两个动作同时进行）I stayed home while he was away.( 我待在家是在他离开的那段时间）He knew how to answer the question, while I couldn’t answer it.(他知道答案与我不知道怎么回答之间的对比）（2.）before (一段时间）之前after 在....之后until 直到...为止（A...延续...B）not....until 直到.....才（A...非延续性动词...B，not放句首，需倒装）I’ll wait until he comes back.我会等到他回来为止。
Not until he told me did I know it.直到他告诉我，我才直到这个消息。
(3)一...就as soon ashe moment=the minute=the instantimmediatelyonce放句首须倒装hardly/barely/scarcely....whenNo sooner......thanThe instant the result came out, she told us.结果一出来，她就告诉我们。
Immediately he came home, I told him about it.他一回家，我就把消息告诉他）Jack had hardly seen me when he left the room.（4) any time随时；任何时候each time 每次（个别）every time每次（整体）the day 那一天the year那一年You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。