旅游学概论（双语）期末考试试题库CATALOGUEI.Filling the blanks (1)II.True or False Questions (3)III.Choose the correct answer (6)IV.Explain the following tourism terms in English (13)V.Briefly answer the following questions in English (15)VI.Topic Discussion (17)I.Filling the blanks1.Tourism must be,above all,defined as the movement of people away from their.2.First,it is important to recognize that tourism is just one form of,along with sports activities,hobbies and pastimes.3.The characteristic of means that tourist product is a service rather than a tangible good.4.The refers to travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the traveler’s country.5.Tourism is now generally regarded as one of the most important,, and influences of modern times.6.Leiper’s Model includes,and three fundamental geographical elements.7.Following the collapse of the Roman Empire,and the onset of the so-called Dark ages,travel became more.8.According to Maslow,there is a hierarchy of universal and found in every human being.9.Before anyone can choose to undertake a holiday,they must aware of from which they can choose,and obtain information about them.10.Factors that influence motivations of tourists are generally divided into psychological factors and.11.The World War I had influence on the expansion of tourism.12.According to Maslow,there is a of universal wants and needs found in every human being.13.When a tourist walks into a travel agent’s office to tour—a product—he is also buying many.14.Tourist products have several characteristics that distinguish them from the products of other industries.These include,,,and simultaneous production and consumption.15.The tourism product is unique in terms of its rang and.16.The service product is intangible when it cannot be easily evaluated or in advance of its purchase.17.Tourism products are often referred to as being inseparable which means the product is often consumed and produced.18.Tourism involves the purchase of an expensive product that cannot easily be or,prior to consumption.19.An IT is an(a)that offers both transportation and accommodations and often entertainment as well.20.Parity means that competing companies offer the.21.There are many examples of countries which have suffered from lack of sufficient control over building and development,leading eventually to as tourists turn to less exploited destinations.22.Apart from the economic reasons for which governments become involved in tourism,there are also.23.Sometimes governments are caught up in conflict between the needs forand for protection of a cherished site.24.Tourism brings about both benefits and costs to the destination areas.So the final goal for the management of the destination is to and.25.The subject increasingly drawing the attention of social scientists and tourism planners is the cultural and social impact on a host country of large numbers of people,sharingdifferent.26.Some tourists are interested in destinations with different cultures but when are in the place, they will have culture shock.They are most probably.27.Tourism planning in the past often failed to take_____in to consideration.II.True or False Questions1.The World War I had very short and little influence on the expansion of tourism.In somesense,it encouraged an interest in seeing more of the world.()2.By the end of the eighteenth century,the custom had become institutionalized for the gentry.As a result,European centers were opened up to the British travelers.()3.The package tour depends upon the ability of tour operators to charter aircraft for theirclientele,in order to drive down prices.()4.Recreation means the action and activities of people engaging in constructive and personallypleasurable use of leisure time.()5.By the end of the nineteenth century,the internal-combustion engine came into being,and wasadopted to motor vehicles,and became popular when the World War I broke out in1914.()6.So far no one has developed a definition for tourism that is universally accepted.()7.The developing countries in the world have not yet recognized the significance of tourism.()8.To define international tourism seams easier than to define domestic tourism,because thelatter is more various.()9.Before the sixteenth century there were three modes for people to travel on land—walk,horse,litter or carrier’s wagon.()10.Tourism currently accounts for at least6per cent of the world’s gross domestic product(GDP),and the employs127million people around the world,one job in every fifteen.()11.More specifically mass tourism is used as a term to describe“participation in tourism in largenumbers,a general characteristic of developed countries in the second half of the twentieth century,in contrast to earlier times when travel was limited to very few.()12.Tourism is neither a phenomenon nor a simple set of industries.It has multidimensionalaspects.()13.The tourist destination region(also refer to the origin region)represents the generating marketfor tourism and,in a sense,provides the“push”to stimulate and motivate travel.()14.The need for belonging is manifested in the desire to visit friends or relatives,to meet newpeople and make new friendships.()15.Although needs are felt by us,we do not necessarily express them,and we may not recognizehow travel actually satisfy our particular needs.()16.Tourist product can be easily evaluated and demonstrated because it can be standardized.()17.The steamed vehicles appeared in the nineteenth century,though very slow,it was very agileto go anywhere the travelers wanted to go.That heralded its bright prospective and made themonopolies of railway feel threatened.They tried in vain to block it from developing.() 18.While it is relatively easy to agree on technical definitions of particular categories of tourism,it is by no means so to produce a conceptual definition for tourism.()19.Tourist product is,from the stand point of the tourist,a total of experiences a tourist gets fromthe trip.()20.According to WTO,China is one of the ten leading tourism-generating countries in the wholeworld,ranking the sixth and one of the ten leading tourism-receiving countries ranking the ninth.()21.A tourist product may be easily visualized as everything that a tourist uses,consumes oracquires on one trip.()22.Perishabilty means that service products can be stored for sale on future occasion.()23.A package tour,or even a flight on an aircraft,can be consistently uniform.()24.The challenge for the marketer of tourism is that the tourism products tend to vary instandards and quality over time and under different circumstances.()25.If a country is highly dependent upon tourism for its economic survival,its government islikely to become far more involved in the industry.()ernments also have a duty to safeguard a nation’s heritage.()27.Tourism can help to improve the environment if well planned and well managed.()28.Tourism will surely bring destruction to the environment of the destination.()29.Too many people go to visit a site will cause both dissatisfaction to the tourists and thedestruction to the environment.()30.The psychological capacity of a site is the degree of congestion which tourists will toleratebefore the site starts to lose its appeal.()31.Physical capacity of an area is the finite limit to the number of tourists it can accommodate orabsorb at any given time.()32.To meet the needs of tourists many facilities and amenities have to be constructed,but thismay in turn lead to the drop of visits.()33.To attract more tourists modern and high hotels should be built at the resort area.()34.Any influx of tourism,however small,will make some impact on a region.()35.Any influx of tourism,however small,will make some impact on a region,but the extent ofthe impact is dependent just on the numbers of tourists that the region attracts.()36.The relationship is further unbalanced by the status of the visitors in term of the fact that thetourists are on holiday while the local are likely to be at work,being paid to serve the needs of the tourists.()37.Sometimes,some of the buildings can be visual pollution because they lack character and areout of keeping with surroundings.()38.Tourists may have a misunderstanding about the local culture because they do not want to get in touch with the local people.()39.The resentment by local people toward tourists can be resulted from the differences in political system between tourists and the local people.()40.The social impacts of tourism include the following changes of value systems,breaking down of stereotypes,changes of the traditional cultures and so on so forth.()41.Destination attractions may include political and economic systems.()42Tourism planning can make up for the lack of experience on the part of some governments and private sector.()43.Tourism planning can coordinate the development,which involves other sectors and industries.()44.Tourism planning can maximize benefits and minimize negative effects.()45.Tourism planning can take the place of old fashioned administration.()III.Choose the correct answer1.It is very hard to define tourism conceptually,because.A.the meaning of tourism is not clearB.people do not know tourism very wellC.tourism has multidimensional aspectsD.tourism is in no existence2.Tourist product can also be defined as offered for sale by different tourism enterprises or tourism related enterprises to satisfy the different needs of the tourist during his trip.A.the specific segments of the servicesB.a total of experiencesC.total sum of all servicesD.everything that a tourist uses,consumes or acquires on one trip3.However,in order to take a holiday,the tourist requires both time and money.These factors make it possible for prospective tourists to indulge in their desires.They are known as.A.General motivationsB.Specific motivationsC.facilitatorsD.both A and B4.A seat on a plane,ship,train or bus,a room or bed in a hotel or a table in a restaurant,and so on, when not used by tourists,are considered as.A.tourist productsB.tourist goodsC.tourist facilitiesD.services5.The traveler-generating region(also refer to the origin region)represents the generating market for tourism and,in a sense,provides.A.the“push”to stimulate and motivate travelB.the“pull”factor for the touristC.the supply side for the touristD.the bookings and information6.The simultaneity of tourist product means that.A.tourist product is created and consumed in the same place and at the same timeB.it is created by both the suppliers and the touristsC.it is produced at the same time when other products are producedD.all above7.According to Maslow,the lower levels of the hierarchy are.A.the needs for survival which range from physiological needs to the needs for security and safetyB.needs to belongC.needs for self-esteem,self-respected and the esteem of othersD.the needs for self-actualization or self-realization8.The need for belonging is manifested in the desire to.A.go sightseeingB.enjoy dancing and singingC.visit friends or relatives and to meet new peopleD.go for spa9.According to Plog’s research,people are divided psychologically into the following five types:psycho-centric,near psycho-centric,mid-centric,near allo-centric and allo-centric.The psycho-centric are.A.cautious to travel too farB.likely to take ventures to travel far to see different people with different culturesC.a mix type without striking characterD.All above10.The feature of industry of tourism industry is not obvious like other industries as motor industry and fashion industry,because.A.it is not composed of enterprises that produce similar productsB.it comprises different sectors or companies that produce products and services for touristsC.it is not included in SIC(Standard Industry Classification)in most countriesD.All above11.Tourist product is,from the stand point of the tourist,a total of a tourist gets from the trip.A.tangible goodsB.attractionsC.accommodationD.experiences12.To study the tourism behavior of individuals,groups of people,and the impact of tourism on society is considered as.A.Managerial ApproachB.Product ApproachC.Sociological ApproachD.Economic Approach13.Tourist product is the total sum of all services provided to a tourist during the total process of his tour,including.A.attractions and accessB.amenities and ancillary servicesC.travel informationD.both A and B14.There are three basic elements of Leiper’s model:.A.Geographical elements,tourist and tourism industryB.traveler-generating region,destination and attractionsC.tourist,tourism industry and attractionsD.destination,transit route region and generating region15.Meals offered in a restaurant,drinks in a bar,local products in a souvenir shop,etc.are known as.A.tourist productsB.tourist goodsC.tourist facilitiesD.services16.was the first person to organize tour by chartering a train.A.Thomas CookB.Rowland Hill D.Robert Hill D.George Cook17.If the tourist decides to take the holiday in the Swiss Alps,where he will be able to take walks in fresh mountains air and enjoy varied scenery,good food and hotel relaxation,these are knownas.A.General motivationsB.Specific motivationsC.facilitatorsD.both A and B18.Tourism is a human activity,which encompasses human behavior,use of resources,and interaction with___________.A.other people,economies and environmentsB.exchange of cultural interestsC.political problems and social problemsD.sports activities,hobbies and pastimes19.will a consumer be motivated to buy the product.A.Only after information about a destination is given to himB.Only if the perception of the need and of the attraction matchC.Only when an advertisement is madeD.Only when he feels there is no risk20.One of the best known model to explain the process of buying behavior is.A.IADA ModelB.AIDO ModelC.IDAI Model D,AIDA Model21.※Which country is most likely to exercise stronger control over tourism development?A.A country where tourism has only relatively recently become a significant factor in economy.B.A country where tourism has developed slowly over a long period of time.C.A country where tourism is not important to the economy.D.A country where tourism does not exist.22.Which of the following roles should not be taken by government?A.Adequate public services.B.Planning and facilitating of tourismC.Designing of the tour itinerariesD.Promotion of the nation and its products.23.Sometimes,some of the buildings can be visual pollution becauseA.they lack character and are out of keeping with surroundings.B.they are of concrete.C.they are not well planned.D.All above24.Which group of people will bring most noticeable cultural and social impact in less developed countries?A.ExplorersB.Mass touristsC.ElitesD.Back-packers25.Who is most likely to adapt to the local culture?A.Independent travelerB.ExplorerC.backpackerD.mass tourist26.Some tourists are interested in destinations with different cultures but when are in the place, they will have culture shock.They are most probably.A.ExplorersB.Mass touristsC.Independent travelersD.Back-packers27.Tourists bring with them their own value of systems by.A.expecting or demanding the lifestyle and facilities to which they are accustomed in their own country.B.telling the local people their own culturesC.showing the local people that their culture is superiorD.asking people to follow them28.Tourists may have a misunderstanding about the local culture because.A.they do not want to abandon their own cultureB.they do not want to get in touch with the local peopleC.they can’t have enough time and opportunity to get to know the local people wellD.they local people do not want them to approach.29.The resentment by local people toward tourists can be resulted from following reasons except.A.the economic gap between tourists and the local peopleB.the differences in lifestyle between tourists and the local peopleC.the conflict of interests between tourists and the local peopleD.the differences in political system between tourists and the local people30.The social impacts of tourism include the following except.A.changes of value systemsB.breaking down of stereotypesC.changes of the traditional culturesD.preservation of wildlife sanctuaries.mercial jet aircraft enjoys the following advantages except_______.A.greatly increased travel speedsB.much wider range of air travelC.greater seating capacity for passengersD.much more varied seating configuration32.Which of the following is irrelevant to the definition of destinations?A.Particular area.B.Travelers.C.Time.D.Size.33.The following features are necessary for destinations except______.A.partially or completely self-containedB.outcome of natural or artificial developmentC.appeal or attraction,psychological or tangiblecational institutions34.Nine motivators are listed,which can influence a traveler’s choice of destination.Which of the following groups is not included?A.Recreation,culture,nature.cation,events,health.C.Religion,friends and relatives,business.D.Sightseeing,touring,landscape.35.Destination attractions may include the following except____.A.natural and cultural resourcesB.recreational facilitiesC.events and activitiesD.political and economic systems36.The major elements in planning for destination development are the following except_____.A.market analysisB.assessment of available resourcesC.environment and social impactD.political stability analysis37.One proposed model for tourism planning was to provide answers to the following aspects of planning except______.A.number and category of touristsB.type and scope of tourist services and activitiesC.profitabilityD.seasonal distribution of tourist activities38.Before the era of mass tourism,tourism planning was______as a whole.A.inadequateB.well doneC.adequateD.appropriate39.Tourism planning in the past often failed to take_____in to consideration.A.tourist facilitiesB.transportationsC.site planningD.environment40.Tourism can generate various problems such as the following except_______.A.economic distortionB.environmental degradationC.loss of cultural identityD.cross-cultural communication41.Which of the following statements about the necessity of tourism planning is not correct?A.Tourism planning can make up for the lack of experience on the part of some governments and private sector.B.Tourism planning can coordinate the development,which involves other sectors and industries.C.Tourism planning can maximize benefits and minimize negative effects.D.Tourism planning can take the place of old fashioned administration.42.The most appropriate approach to tourism development is one,which balances economic, environmental and social objectives within the framework of______development.A.regionalB.nationalC.sustainablemunity43.Which of the following statements about tourism planning is not correct?A.The international planning is rather weak because of its dependence on multi-country cooperation.B.The regional planning is usually more specific than international and national planning.C.The national planning of a small country may be as detailed as the regional planning of a large country.D.Within a country the national and the regional planning are worked out independently from each other.44.Which of the following statements about the relationships between tourism and environment is not correct?A.Environment is becoming the most important consideration in tourism development.B.Tourism can have either positive or negative effects on environment depending on whether tourism development is well planned and implemented or not.C.Profitability is second to environmental consideration in tourism development.D.Environment has always been a top priority in tourism development.45.In order to deal with the problems of environment preservation in tourism development,the following concepts have been proposed except_______.A.ecotourismB.nature tourismC.alternative tourismD.capacity tourism46.The most important elements in ecotourism are the following except_____.A.economic benefitsB.social and cultural developmentC.nature conservationD.psychological needs47.Ecotourism can provide the following benefits except________.A.creation of jobs and income to the local peopleB.funds made available for nature conservationC.higher education to touristsD.heritage and environmental preservation and enhancementIV.Explain the following tourism terms in English1.tourism environments2.discretionary uses of our leisure time3.price elastic market4.resort5.tourism destination6.Domestic tourist7.traveller-generating region8.permanent residence9.recreation10.discretionary income11.tour operators12.Multiplier effect13.Tourist carrying capacity:14.Tourist Attraction15.Tourism Amenities16.Sustainable Development17.Tour Operator18.leakage19.Balance of payment20.Conceptual definition and technical definition21.tourism industry22.Normal place of residence(usual place of residence)23.Discretionary uses of leisure time24.The host community25.Multidimensional aspects26.Disposable income(discretionary income)27.Excursionist28.Tourism Arrivals29.Tourism Receipts30.International tourism31.Internal tourism or domestic tourism32.Excursion33.Incentive trip34.Catering service35.Price inelastic market36.Urbanizationbour-intensive industry38.Expenditure39.Accommodation40.Facilities41.ITX,IT and CIT42.Tourist transit route43.Benefits of size44.General Motivation45.Specific Motivation46.Physical motivators47.Cultural motivators48.Interpersonal motivators49.Intangibility of tourism product50.Simultaneity of tourism product51.Perishability of tourism product52.Inseparability of tourism productplimentarily of tourism product54.Variability of tourism product55.spa56.Cruising57.Down-market58.Up-market59.Horizontal integration60.Vertical integration61.Access of tourism62.The tour wholesaler63.Impacts of tourism64.Superstructure of tourism65Infrastructure of tourismV.Briefly answer the following questions in English1.To develop a technical definition of tourism,what are the basic aspects to be considered?2.Tell different functions of the three regions in Leiper’s model.3.What are the main characteristics of tourist product?4.What is Grand Tour?5.What is Maslow’s hierarchy of wants and needs?6.Why is the definition of‘tourism’problematic?7.How to understand the intangibility of the tourist product?8.In what way is the tourist product different from other products of other industries?9.When did mass tourism appear,what are its main features?10.What are the characteristics of tourism industry?11.Why is tourism development planning so necessary?12.What are the possible social impacts of tourism upon local people of an area?13.How does tourism development affect the social structure of a host area?14.What are the major costs and benefits of tourism development,economically,socially,environmentally?15.How do you understand tour operators as“Middlemen”?16.Why do a lot of Asian countries try to develop tourism industry?17.Find from textbooks any three definitions of tourism.Do they agree?If not,why do you think not?18.Explain in your own words the discrepancy between consumer’s,producer’s, and researcher’s view of tourism.19.Tell the location of tourism industry.20.Tell the different functions of the three regions.21.What is your understanding of the system?22.What interactions may happen in the system?23.What is your understanding of tourist?24.What problems do we likely meet when we are doing marketing and promotion ofthe tourist product?25.What are the reasons for tourism to come into being historically and economically?26.When did mass tourism appear,what are its main features?27.Why is it said that the development of trade probably mark the beginning oftravel?28.What are the changes that distinguish mass tourism from tourism in the past?29.Apart from motivations,what other facilitators are necessary for people to travel?30.Why is culture and curiosity an important motivator of travel?31.What is the relationship between travel and human needs?32.How human needs and wants are satisfied in travel?33.What are the characteristics of tourism industry?34.Identify the difference between the trade organizations and the professionalorganizations.35.What are the key economic benefits of tourism?36.What social and cultural problems may be brought about by tourism?37.Why tourism planning is necessary?38.Why tourism is described as a New-colonialism?Is it true?39.What can developing countries do to solve the problems and to achievesustainable tourism?VI.Topic Discussion1.Apart from motivations,what other facilitators are necessary for people to travel?2.What kind of role did Thomas Cook play in the development of mass tourism?3.What problems do we likely meet when we are doing marketing and promotion of the tourist product?4.Do you agree with Maslow’s hierarchy of wants and needs?Why and why not?5.In what way is the tourist product different from other products of other industries?6.What problems do we likely meet when we are doing marketing and promotion of the tourist product?7.My Understanding of Tourism System8.How did the First World War affect the development of mass tourism?And what about the Second World War?9.How do you understand“selling holiday is like selling dreams.”?10.How do you understand the importance of tourism to the local economy in tourisma destination place?(host place)11.How do you describe the prospects of the tourism in China in the future,say by2020?12.How do you identify tourism products from tourism goods?13.How is the need for belonging reflected in travel?14.In what way is travel associated with the physical well-being of human beings?15.Provide some examples of how a resort hotel’s marketing director can use the fourbasic travel motivators in creating next year’s marketing program.16.Some people don’t think tourism is an industry.What is your opinion?17.Try to analyze the relationship between tourism industry and the common-interestorganizations.18.Distinguish between the different forms of integration within the industry,andidentify the reason for this integration.19.How do you understand the significance of integration in tourism industry?20.How do you understand the role of tour operators as middlemen?21.State the relationship between development of transportations and thedevelopment of tourism.22.How do you understand the necessity of government involvement in tourism?23.Analyze the Positive and negative socio-cultural effects of tourism.24.Explain why the principle of‘fair trade’must be insisted on in tourism.25.Is there any evidence of‘blindly trust’on tourism in your hometown?Give an。