上海中考英语核心词汇梳理及语法分类练习 1A1.able adj. 有能力的；能干的【短】 be able to 能，会用 able 的适当形式填空1) I am sure Ben has the _____ to finish the work by himself. ability2) He was so excited that he was _____ to say a word. unable3) Excellent English _____ him to get the offer easily. enables2. about prep. 关于；于：【辨析】 about 与 on： about 指泛泛地或非正式地某事, 其的内容也普通；而on 指比有系地或理性地述某事，其述的内容正式或。
1) It is said that about _____ students will take part in the English Contest this coming Friday.A. five hundredB. five hundredsC. hundreds ofD. five hundred of2) about\on① The class teacher was talking with my mother _____ my behavior in the classroom.about② They are discussing _____ the date of holding the opening ceremony.on3. above prep. 在⋯⋯上面： The lamp hangs above the bed. 灯挂在床的上方。
【辨析】 above 与 over：两者都可表示“高于”， over 主要表示垂直方向的正上方，而above 不一定表示正上方 (即可以是正上方也可以不是正上方)。
1) There is a bridge _____ the river.over2) I saw the planes flying _____ the hills.above4. abroad adv. 到国外，在国外：I want to study abroad in the future.将来我想在国外学。
His friends are going abroad on holiday.他的朋友准出国休假。
【辨析】 abroad 与 aboard : abroad 意到国外；aboard 意登机、登船1)他和朋友准出国休假。
________________________________________________He is going abroad on holiday with his friends.2)我在船上了两个月。
____________________________________________We spent two months aboard.5. across prep. 穿，横穿：Be careful across the road. 路要小心。
【注意】 across 是介，不是，与之意相近的形式是cross，注意不要混淆。
Be careful when you come _____ the street, because the traffic is very busy at the moment. If you are under five, you should _______ the street with an adult.A. across, acrossB. across, crossC. cross, crossD. cross, across6.active adj. 极的：用active 的适当形式填空1) Harry is dreaming of being an _____ like Tom Cruise.actor2) He always takes an active part in the class _____.( 保持原意不 ) activitiesHe _____ always _____ in the class _____. Is, active, activities3) The government ought to take _____ to strengthen the economic growth. Action7.afford v. 有足的 (， )做某事：Today many families can afford a car.如今很多家庭得起。
I cannot afford the time to go to the market today.今天我抽不出去市了。
【用法】通常与can, be able to 等用；后接要用不定式，不用名。
他家境比寒，以至于担不起他的大学用。
_____________________________________________________________His family was so poor that he couldn’ t afford the college expenses.8.afraid adj. 害怕的： Most people are afraid of snake. 大多数人都怕蛇。
【短】be afraid of 害怕： He is afraid of nothing. 他什么都不怕。
【用法】是表形容，一般不能放在名前作定。
9.after prep. & conj. 在⋯⋯之后；在⋯⋯后面After he finished his homework, he went out to play basketball. (同句)_____ _____ his homework, he went out to play basketball.After finishing10. agree v. 同意，成：I agree with you on that point.在那一点上我同意你的点。
【明】后接要用不定式，不用名。
姆的言行不一致。
_________________________________________Tom’ s words don’ t agree with his actions.他不同意采用我的建。
________________________________________He didn ’ t agree to take my advice.11. alive adj. 活着的：The fish is still alive.是活的。
He is alone, but lucky to be alive.他孤一人，但所幸活着。
【辨析】 alive, living和live：三者均可表示“活着的”，alive主要作表，可用于人或物。
如：He must be still alive.他一定活着。
living可用作表或定，可用于人或物。
Live 做形容用于live show “ 直播”。
If there is no sun, there will be no _____ things on the earth, that means nothing can be _____.A. alive, livingB. living, aliveC. living, liveD. alive, live12. allow v. 允，准Are we allowed to sit down.? 能允我坐下？【短】allow sb to do sth允某人做某事：1) People are not allowed ____ in the cinema , but they will allow ____in the rest room.A to smoke, smokeB smoking , to smokeC to smoke , smokingD smoking ,smoke2) We mustn’ t smoke in the office同.(句)We _____ _____ to smoke in the office.Aren ’ t allowedWe _____ _____ smoking in the office.Aren ’ t allowed13. alone adv. 独自，独地; adj.独的，独自的：I want to talk with you alone.我想和你独。
I was alone in the house.房子里只有我一个人。
Though he lives _____, he never feels _____.A. lonely, aloneB. lonely, lonelyC. alone, lonelyD. alone, alone14.amaze v. 使⋯⋯大惊，使惊愕【短】 be amazed at / by ⋯⋯感到惊I was amazed at / by her calmness. 我她的定感到吃惊。
他居然活着使她感到惊异。
__________________________________________________ She was amazed that he was still alive.他考合格使大家很惊奇。
__________________________________________________ He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.15. angry adj. 怒的，生气的：He was so angry with his brother.他很生弟弟的气。
【短】be angry with sb 某人脾气be angry at / about sth 某事生气：1) 父母最好不要常孩子脾气。
________________________________________________Parents had better not often be angry with children.2)他是一些事生气。
________________________________________________He is always getting angry about something.3)He looked _____ when he saw his naughty son, so he shouted at him _____. Angry, angrilyTo his great _____, only 15% students passed the examination. (angry) anger16. another adj. & pron. 另一个 (的 )；又一个 (的 )：1) The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent.A. any otherB. the otherC. anotherD. other2) There is something wrong with our old TV set. So we decide to buy _____ one.A. the otherB. the othersC. othersD. another3) ---What d oes “ refrigerator ” mean?---It ’ s _____ way of saying fridge. We call it fried for short.A. otherB. othersC. anotherD. the others17.any adj. 什么；一些；任何的可与 body， one， thing 搭配构成不定代【用法】常用于否定句，疑句和条件句中。