• Geert Hofstede,Willam B. Gudykunst, Stella
Ting-Toomey, empiricizing, dimensionalizing IC
Kulich - Identity & IC Analytical Tools
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Intent of this Presentation
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Some Framers of IC-CC Analysis
• Triandis • Berry • Brislin • Landis • Kim
• Paige • Bennett • Kohls • Bond
We’ve heard about IC dimensions: but there is more to the field than binary contrasts: Moving beyond integration (p. 179)
• Provide analytical frames potentially overlooked in the analysis of culture or situated identities in literature.
Kulich - Identity & IC Analytical Tools
• …there are indeed well honed theoretical and methodological tools to the researcher who desires to undertake intercultural analysis of texts…
Kulich - Identity & IC Analytical Tools
culture as a paradigm establishing a field of
concern, than a set of definitions.
Kulich - Identity & IC Analytical Tools
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Theoretical Models (Discourses, Voices) of Culture and Communication
(precursor of Kenneth Pike’s etic and emic).
Kulich - Identity & IC Analytical Tools
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Recorded (or Criticized) Roots of Analyzing Culture (in English)
• Edward Burnett Tylor (1832-1917) social Darwinsim
• The Anderson & Baym (2004) model:
Kulich - Identity & IC Analytical Tools
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Considering Diverse
Viewpoints
• Each is only
“A view from A point” –
Which view from which point?
• A “laowai” in China, or a Chinasized foreigner? • A social scientist in the humanities, or a sciencesensitive humanist in society? • A framed set of complex, hybridized, multiple identities in dynamic action–interaction…
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Considering IC Analysis Tools
• With its 50 years of development, the field of IC can now provide scholars of all culture-related disciplines with a suitable set of analytical tools…
• Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744-1803) similarity and differentiation among cultures
• Adolph Bastian (1826-1905) examining them at
Elementargedanken and Volkergedanken levels
• uncover important intellectual roots now neglected,
• revive lines of inquiry that may have lapsed from our collective or individuated consciousness, or
Applying Intercultural Communication Tools to the Analysis of Identities in Texts
Framing Cultural, Intercultural, and Identity Studies: Paradigms, Theories, & Applications
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Herve Varenne’s field iew of culture
• …this should be read as sign posts toward a
theory of culture that would deal with
pattern and variation, consistency and drift,
• …but not all histories are shared.
• …mapping the developmental sequence of
an academic field provides insights into the
bibliographic, conceptual, and theoretical
• Jan Amos Comenius (1592–1670) systematic processes for thought, investigation of objects, principles for universal education.
• Giovanni Battista Vico (1668–1744) erum esse ipsum factum, "the true itself is fact/made”
strands now recognized in our common
disciplinary consciousness…
Kulich - Identity & IC Analytical Tools
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Uncovering Past Paradigms for Future Framing
but it should also…
acquiescence and resistance, or,
unapologetically, langue and parole (the
constructed self and the deconstructing
“I”). Still, it would be better to think of
• To specifically to review the fruit, findings, and key postulations of 50 years of intercultural communication research as they may relate to the analysis of identities in cultural or cross-cultural (con)texts.
• Talcott Parsons (1902–1979) structural functionalism
• Franz Boas (1858–1942), Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn
• Edward T. Hall, Edward C. Stewart, John Condon, L. Robert Kohls’ essentializing/training
Steve J. Kulich Executive Director, SII
A practical problem…. Who in the world am I?
• A high plains “prairie poet” (from landscapes) now displaced in a high tower (skyscraped) urban metropolis?
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What constitutes IC Analysis?
A Social-psych process approach - consider…
• Context (Culture, Subcultures, Ingroups) • Audience (Self- & Other-Identity, Attributes) • Perception (Stereotypes, Biases Generalizing) • Interaction (Responsive Communication) • Observation, Sensitivity, Awareness • Conflict Assessment, Management, Resolution • Respect, Tolerance, Accommodation • Process, Adjustment, Adaptation, Integration • Cross-cultural Awareness, Contextual Competence