Lesson Two第二课Cotton Properties and Uses棉纤维的特性和用途A relatively high level of moisture absorption and good wicking properties help make cotton one of the more comfortable fibers. Because of the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose, cotton has a high attraction for water. As water enters the fiber, cotton swells and its cross section becomes more rounded. The high affinity for moisture and the ability to swell when wet allow cotton to absorb about one-fourth of its weight in water. This means that in hot weather perspiration from the body will be absorbed in cotton fabrics, transported along the yarns to the outer surface of the cloth and evaporated into the air. Thus, the body will be aided in maintaining its temperature.吸湿性和良好的吸湿排汗性能使棉纤维的一个更舒适的一个比较高的水平。
因为在纤维素的羟基基团，棉花对水有很强的吸引力。
当水进入纤维棉，膨胀，其截面变得更圆。
水分和膨胀时湿让棉花吸收水的重量约四分之一的高亲和力的能力。
这意味着，在炎热的天气里，身体的汗会吸收棉织品，沿运纱布的外表面和蒸发到空气中。
因此，身体会帮助维持其温度。
Unfortunately, the hydrophilic nature of cotton makes it susceptible to water-borne stains. Water-soluble colorants such as those in coffee or grape juice will penetrate the fiber along with the water; when the water evaporates, the colorant is trapped in the fiber. Perhaps the major disadvantage to cotton goods is their tendency to wrinkle and the difficulty of removing wrinkles. The rigidity of cotton fiber reduces the ability of yarns to resist wrinkling. When the fibers are bent to a new configuration, the hydrogen bonds which hold the cellulose chains together are ruptured and the molecules slide in order to minimize the stress within the fiber. The hydrogen bonds reform in the new positions, so that when the crushing force is removed the fibers stay in the new positions. It is the rupture and reformation of the hydrogen bonds that helps to maintain wrinkles, so that cotton goods must be ironed.不幸的是，棉花的亲水性使得它容易受到水渍。
如在咖啡或葡萄汁的水溶性色素会渗入纤维随着水；当水分蒸发，着色剂是困在纤维。
也许主要的缺点，棉织品是他们的倾向，皱纹和去除皱纹的困难。
棉纤维的刚度降低纱线抗起皱能力。
当纤维弯曲的一种新的配置，氢债券持有的纤维素链在一起破裂和分子滑动以减少纤维中的应力。
在新的位置的氢键的改革，所以当破碎力去除纤维保持在新的位置。
这是氢键，有助于保持皱纹的断裂和改革，使棉织品要熨。
Cotton is a moderately strong fiber with good abrasion resistance and good dimensional stability. It is resistant to the acids, alkalies, and organic solvents normally available to consumers. But since it is a natural material, it is subject to attack by insects, molds and fungus. Most prominent is the tendency for cotton to mildew if allowed to remain damp.棉花是具有良好的耐磨性和尺寸稳定性好，中等强度的纤维。
这是抵抗酸，碱和有机溶剂，通常提供给消费者。
但由于它是一种天然物质，它是受攻击的昆虫，霉菌和真菌。
最突出的是棉花霉烂的倾向，如果允许存在潮湿。
Cotton resists sunlight and heat well, although direct exposure to constant strong sunlight will cause yellowing and eventual degradation of the fiber. Yellowing may also occur when cotton goods are dried in gas dryers. The color change is the result of a chemical reaction between cellulose and oxygen or nitrogen oxides in the hot air in the dryer. Cottons will retain their whiteness longer when line-dried or dried in the electric dryer.棉花抗太阳光和热，虽然直接暴露于恒定的强烈的阳光会引起黄的最终降解纤维。
变黄时也可能出现在气干燥器干燥棉织品。
颜色的变化是一种化学反应的纤维素和氧或氮氧化物之间在热空气中干燥的结果。
棉花将保留其白度较长时，线干或在电干燥器中干燥。
Of major interest is the fact that cotton yarn is stronger when wet than when dry. This property is a consequence of the macro-and micro-structural features of the fiber. As water is absorbed, the fiber swells and its cross section becomes more rounded. Usually the absorption of such a large amount of foreign material would cause a high degree of internal stress and lead to weakening of the fiber. In cotton, however, the absorption of water causes a decrease in the internal stresses. Thus, with less internal stresses to overcome, the swollen fiber becomes stronger. At the same time, the swollen fibers within the yarns press upon each other more strongly. The internal friction strengthens the yarns. In addition, the absorbed water acts as an internal lubricant which imparts a higher level of flexibility to the fibers. This accounts for the fact that cotton garments are more easily ironed when damp. Cotton fabrics are susceptible to shrinkage upon laundering.主要感兴趣的是事实，棉纱时干时湿比。
此属性的宏观和微观结构特征的纤维的结果。
当水被吸收，纤维膨胀，其截面变得更圆。
通常这种大量的外来物质的吸收会导致内部应力较高，导致纤维弱化。
然而，棉花，水的吸收导致的内部应力减少。
因此，减少内部应力来克服，肿胀的纤维变得更强。
同时，在纱线溶胀纤维按对彼此更强烈。
的内部摩擦增强纱线。
此外，所吸收的水作为一个内部润滑剂，赋予纤维较高水平的灵活性。
这说明棉花衣服更容易熨潮湿时。
纯棉织物易收缩对洗钱。
Perhaps more than any other fiber, cotton satisfies the requirements of apparel, home furnishings, recreational, and industrial uses. It provides fabrics that are strong, lightweight, pliable, easily dried, and readily laundered. In apparel, cotton provides garments that are comfortable, readily dried in bright, long-lasting colors, and easy to care for. The major drawbacks are a propensity for cotton yams to shrink and for cotton cloth to wrinkle. Shrinkage may be controlled by the application of shrink-resistant finishes. Durable-press properties may be imparted by chemical treatment or by blending cotton with more wrinkle-resistant fibers, such as polyester.也许比任何其他纤维，棉满足服装，家居家具，休闲的要求，和工业用途。