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同等学力英语语法总结

同等学力英语比较状语从句常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词:the more …the more …; justas …, so…;A is toB what /as X is to Y; no …more than; notA somuch as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.她和她妈一样脾气暴躁。

The house is three times as big as ours.这所房子是我们的三倍大。

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.越锻炼你就越健康。

Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。

同等学力英语让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词和词组:although, though(虽然);even if,even though(即使);as,while(尽管);whether…or(不论……还是);whoever,no matter who,however;(无论何时)whenever, nomatter when;(无论谁).no matter how(无论怎样);whatever,no matter what (无论什么)等。

(1)although和though都表示“虽然”,但although 比though正式,更多用于句首;二者都可与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用:He didn't stop working though(或although)he was ill.他虽然病了,但未停止工作。

(2)as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序,可用though代替,但比though语气强,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语和动词原形:Child as(或though)he is, he knows a lot.[表语;名词]他虽然是个孩子,但懂得很多。

▲当表语是可数名词单数时,不能加不定冠词a (或an)。

Good as he is, he will never be top of his class.[表语;形容词]他虽然很好,但他决不会成为班上的尖子。

Hard as(或though)he works, he makes little progress.[状语;副词]虽然他工作很努力,但却几乎没有进步。

Try as(或though)he might, he could not find a job.[谓语;动词原形]不管他怎么努力,他还是找不到工作。

(3)while有时可引导让步状语从句,但一般要位于句首:While I like the color, I don't like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色,但不喜欢那形状。

(4)whatever(或whenever…)和no matter what (或when…)二者都可引导让步状语从句,但前者有时还可以引出主语从句和宾语从句等,后者却不行:Whatever(或No matter what)you say, I won't believe you.(状语从句)不管你说什么,我决不相信你的话。

I'll eat whatever(≠no matter what)you give me.[宾语从句]你给我什么我就吃什么。

同等学力英语方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词:as(如同);as if(或as)(好像)。

though(1)as和like都有“就像”的意思,as是连词,后加句子;like是介词,后加名词、代词或名词性短语:I work as others do(或like others).我像别人那样工作。

(2)as if,as though两者意义相同,从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气,as if比as though更常用:They are talking as if (或as though)they had seen a ghost.他们谈着话,就像是见了鬼。

▲as if和as though有时可引导表语从句。

同等学力英语条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词或词组:if,suppose,supposing(that),provided,providing(that),on condition that(如果,假如);unless(除非);so (或as)long as(只要);in case(万一)。

在条件状语从句中,要用一般时态代替将来时(和时间状语从句相同):You will miss the train if you don't hurry.你要不快点,就会误了火车。

可用与条件状语从句:是情态动词,时,”愿意“表示▲willIf you will go, please tell me.如果你愿意去的话,请告诉我。

(1)unless在意义上等于if…not,但比if语气更强:You will fail unless you study hard. (= You will fail if youdo not study hard.)除非你努力学习,否则你要失败。

▲if可用于虚拟语气,unless不用于虚拟语气。

(2)suppose和supposing(that)相当于if。

(3)provide,providing that,on condition that,so(或as)long as相当于only if:As long as ( = Only if) you don't lose heart, you willsucceed.只要你不灰心,你就会成功。

(4)in caseDo tell us in case you have any trouble.万一有什么困难,一定告诉我们。

▲in case引导目的状语从句时也可用should表示可能性小些。

.同等学力英语结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词:so…that,such…that (如此……以致于);so that,that(结果)等。

(1)so…that,such…that常用句型为:so+形容词(或副词)+thatso+形容词+a(或an)+单数可数名词+that such+a(或an)(+形容词)+单数可数名词+thatsuch(+形容词)+复数可数名词+thatsuch(+形容词)+不可数名词+thatsuch+thatHe spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.他讲得太快,我跟不上。

It was such a good day(= It was so good a day)that we allwent swimming.天气那么好,我们都去游泳了。

The film was such that everyone was deeply moved.电影如此精彩,观众都被深深打动了。

▲“so+many(或much,few,little)+名词”,“such+alot of(或lots of)+名词”是习惯用法,不可乱用。

(2)so that,that都可以表示结果,so that较常用,that多见于口语中:He didn't study hard, (so) that he failed in the exam. 他没用功学习,结果他考试没及格。

▲so that引导目的状语从句时,该从句中常用may(或might)等情态动词;引导结果状语从句时,从句中多不用情态动词,而且从句前有逗号;再者可根据上下文判断。

同等学力英语目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词:in order that, so that (为了);for fear that, in case, lest(以免)等。

(1)in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词,现在时态常用may,can或will;过去时态常用could,should或might(含义正式),有时也用would。

in order that比so that正式,in order that引导的从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后;而so that引导的从句只可位于主句后:He sent the letter by air mail in order that(或so that)itmight reach them in good time.这封信他航空寄去,以便他们能及时收到。

(2)for fear that,in case,lest引导的目的状语从句中常用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词形式常为“should+动词原形”:He took his raincoat with him in case(或for fear that或lest)it should rain.他带上了雨衣以免下雨。

同等学力英语原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词:because(因为);as (由于);since,now that(既然);seeing that(鉴于)等。

(1)because,since,as都可表示“因为”。

①because表示原因的语气最强,通常回答以疑问词why引导的问句,除特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后;since表示稍加分析后而推断出来的原因,比as正式;as表示对方已知道的原因。

since 和as不回答why引导的疑问句,而且其从句一般放在句首:I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。

Since no one is against it, let's carry out the plan. 既然没人反对,我们就执行这个计划吧。

As he wasn't ready in time, we went without him.由于他未及时准备好,我们没等他就走了。

②because是连词,because of是介词短语。

③because和so不可同时使用,只用其中的一个。

④for也常引导表示原因的分句,但for是并列连词,因此不能用于句首;for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明,且for前常有逗号:The days are short, for it is now December.白天短了,因为已是12月了。

(2)部分表示感情的状态形容词(如sorry,glad,pleased等)有时可接一个that引导的从句表示原因,作状语从句(但也有人认为是宾语从句):I am sorry that I have caused so much trouble.真对不起,给你添了这么多麻烦。

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