外研社英语一起四年级上语法总结及练习题
祈使句
表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等,往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思.
祈使句一般没有主语,实际上是省略了主语“You”.句末用感叹号或句号,用降调朗读.肯定结构都以动词原形开头.
祈使句的肯定句式有三种形式,即
1)Do型（以行为动词原形开头）,例如：Sit down 坐下! Stand up 起立!
2)Be型（以be开头）,例如：Be quiet！安静!
3)Let型（以let开头）,例如：Let me help you.
祈使句的否定结构是以“Don’t＋动词原形”开头.例如：
Don’t go there,please．请别去那儿.
Don’t be late．不要迟到
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. __________ (not, be) late.
2. ____________ (dust) the dressing table.
3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food.
4. ____________ (not, talk) and ____________ (read) a book.
5. ____________ (not, drop) the nice vase, Sam.
6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. ____________ (open) the window and ____________ (shut) the door.
10. Let’s ____________ (sweep) the floor.
根据要求改写句子
1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）
__________ __________ again more slowly, please.
2. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）
__________ __________ next to Nancy.
3. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为否定句）
__________ come to my house tomorrow.
4. Wear the glasses! （改为否定句）
___________ wear the glasses!
5. Don’t wash your hands! (改成肯定句)
___________ your hands!
一般过去时
时间状语：
1.yesterday，morning(afternoon,evening)等
2.由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语：last night,last year(winter,month,week)等
3.由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago,a short time ago,an hour ago等
4.其它：just now等
Was，were的一般过去时构成：
肯定句式：主语+be(was,were)+其它.
否定句式：主语+be(was,were)+not+其它.
一般疑问句：Be(was,were)+主语+其它？
肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ be(was,were)
否定回答：No, 主语+be(was,were)+not.
含有实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时的主结构：
构成：
肯定句：主语+动词的过去时+其它。

否定句：主语+did+not+动词原形+其它。

did not缩写为didn’t
一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
动词的适当形式填空
1. I________up at half past six this morning.(get)
2. My mother____________a lot of fruit yesterday afternoon.(buy)
3. They_________________a meeting yesterday.(not have)
4. The twins_________thirteen two years ago.(be)
5. I_________(have)an exciting party last weekend.
6. They all_________(go)to the mountains yesterday morning.
7. She_________ (not visit)her aunt last weekend.She________(stay)at home.
8. He __________(work) in that bank four years ago.
9. I __________(see) him yesterday.
10. The boy __________(have) a bad cold yesterday.
11. He __________(tell) a story to his daughter yesterday.
12. I __________(buy) a coat just now..
用括号里动词的适当形式填空
Last year Mr. Smith ___________ (go ) to China and Japan. He ___________ (have) a wonderful time. He ___________ (do) a lot of different things and ___________ (talk) to a great number of different people. He ___________ (eat) Chinese and Japanese food and ___________ (visit) a lot of interesting places. When he ___________ (go) back to England, he ___________ (be) very tired.
现在进行时
定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态。

构成：由be(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式构成
常用的时间状语：“now”“look”“listen”“at the (this) moment”.
I am doing my homework now.
Look! My mother is running!!!
Listen! They are reading.
At the (this) moment, he is only weeping.
1. A: What is she_____________(do)?
B: She_______________(cook)dinner in the kitchen now.
2. Listen! Who _________________(sing)?
3. A: What___________ they ____________(do)?
B: They__________________(run)on the grass now.
4. Are they_____________(fly)kites? Yes, they are.
5. A: ___________the girls____________(catch)the butterflies?
B: No, they aren't. They____________ (pick)up leaves.
6. Bob _______________(swim)in the pool now.
7. They are_______________(make) a snowman.
8. The boys _________________(take) pictures in the garden now.
9. It's 12:00，the students ______________(have) lunch in the canteen now.
10. My father_______________(wash) his car outside now.
11. A: ______________ your brothers ______________(play) computer games now? B: Yes, they are.
12. I like_____________(dive) and________________(swim).
13. Look! The kangaroo_______________(jump), and the panda_________________ (sleep).。