定积分与微积分基本定理基础热身1.已知f (x )为偶函数,且⎠⎛06f(x)d x =8,则⎠⎛6-6f(x)d x =( )A .0B .4C .8D .16 2. 设f(x)=⎩⎨⎧x 2,x ∈[0,1],1x ,x ∈1,e ](其中e 为自然对数的底数),则⎠⎛0ef(x)d x 的值为( )B .2C .13.若a =⎠⎛02x 2d x ,b =⎠⎛02x 3d x ,c =⎠⎛02sin x d x ,则a 、b 、c 的大小关系是( )A .a<c<bB .a<b<cC .c<b<aD .c<a<b4.如图K 15-1)图K 15-1A .2 3B .2- 3 能力提升5.设函数f(x)=ax 2+1,若⎠⎛01f(x)d x =2,则a =( )A .1B .2C .3D .46.由直线x =-π3,x =π3,y =0与曲线y =cos x 所围成的封闭图形的面积为( )B .17.一物体以v =+(单位:m /s )的速度自由下落,则下落后第二个4 s 内经过的路程是( )A .260 mB .258 mC .259 mD . m8.若⎠⎛0k (2x -3x 2)d x =0,则k 等于( )A .0B .1C .0或1D .以上均不对9.如果10 N 的力能使弹簧压缩10 cm ,为在弹性限度内将弹簧拉长6 cm ,则力所做的功为( )A . JB . JC . JD . J10.设函数y =f(x)的定义域为R +,若对于给定的正数K ,定义函数f K (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧K ,fx ≤K ,fx ,fx >K ,则当函数f (x )=1x ,K =1时,定积分⎠⎛214f K (x)d x的值为________.(x -x 2)d x =________.12. ∫π20(sin x +a cos x)d x =2,则实数a =________.13.由抛物线y 2=2x 与直线x =12及x 轴所围成的图形绕x 轴旋转一周所得旋转体的体积为________.14.(10分)已知函数f(x)=x 3+ax 2+bx +c 的图象如图K 15-2所示,直线y =0在原点处与函数图象相切,且此切线与函数图象所围成的区域(阴影)面积为274,求f(x)的解析式.图K 15-215.(13分)如图K 15-3所示,已知曲线C 1:y =x 2与曲线C 2:y =-x 2+2ax(a>1)交于点O 、A ,直线x =t (0<t≤1)与曲线C 1、C 2分别相交于点D 、B ,连接OD 、DA 、AB.(1)写出曲边四边形ABOD(阴影部分)的面积S 与t 的函数关系式S =f(t);(2)求函数S =f(t)难点突破16.(12分)已知点P 在曲线y =x 2-1上,它的横坐标为a(a>0),由点P 作曲线y =x 2的切线PQ(Q 为切点).(1)求切线PQ 的方程;(2)求证:由上述切线与y =x 2所围成图形的面积S 与a 无关.参考答案:【基础热身】1.D [解析] ⎠⎛6-6f(x)d x =2⎠⎛06f(x)d x =2×8=16.2.A [解析] 根据积分的运算法则,可知∫e 0f(x)d x 可以分为两段,即∫e 0f(x)d x =⎠⎛01x 2d x +∫e 11x d x =13x 3⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪10+ln x e 1=13+1=43,所以选A . 3.D [解析] a =⎠⎛02x 2d x =13x 3⎪⎪⎪ 20=83,b =⎠⎛02x 3d x =14x 4⎪⎪⎪2=4,c =⎠⎛02sin x d x =-cos x ⎪⎪⎪20=1-cos 2<2,∴c<a<b.4.C [解析] ⎠⎛1-3(3-x 2-2x)d x =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫3x -13x 3-x 2⎪⎪⎪1-3=323.【能力提升】5.C [解析] ⎠⎛01f(x)d x =⎠⎛01(ax 2+1)d x =ax 33+x ⎪⎪⎪10=a 3+1=2,解得a =3.6.D [解析] 根据定积分的相关知识可得到:由直线x =-π3,x =π3,y =0与曲线y =cos x 所围成的封闭图形的面积为:⎪⎪⎪S =∫π3-π3cos x d x =sin x π3-π3=sin π3-sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-π3=3,故选D .7.D [解析] ⎠⎛48+d t =+⎪⎪⎪84=×64+×8-×16-×4=+52--26=.8.C [解析] ⎠⎛0k (2x -3x 2)d x =⎠⎛0k 2x d x -⎠⎛0k 3x2d x =x 2⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪k0-x 3k 0=k 2-k 3=0,∴k =0或k =1.9.D [解析] 由F(x)=kx ,得k =100,F(x)=100x ,错误!100x d x =(J ).10.2ln 2+1 [解析] 由题设f 1(x)=⎩⎨⎧1,1x ≤1,1x ,1x >1,于是定积分⎠⎛214f 1(x )d x =⎠⎛1141x d x +⎠⎛121d x =ln x ⎪⎪⎪ 114+x⎪⎪⎪ 21=2ln 2+1. [解析] ⎠⎛01(x -x 2)d x =⎪⎪⎪⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫23x 32-13x 310=13. 12.1 [解析] ∫π20(sin x +a cos x)d x =(a sin x -cos x)错误!=错误!-a sin 0+cos 0=a +1=2,∴a =1.[解析] 如图所示,因为y 2=2x ,x ∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤0,12,⎪⎪⎪所以V =π∫1202x d x =πx 2120=π4.14.[解答] y =0在原点处相切知b =0,则有f (x )=x 3+ax 2,令f (x )=0,得x 3+ax 2=0,可得x =0或x =-a (-a >0,即a <0).可以得到图象与x 轴交点为(0,0),(-a,0),故∫-a0-f (x )d x =⎪⎪⎪⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-x 44-ax 33-a 0=-a 44+a 43=a 412=274,a =-3,所以f (x )=x 3-3x 2.15.[解答] (1)由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ y =x 2,y =-x 2+2ax ,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ x =0,y =0或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =a ,y =a 2. ∴O (0,0),A (a ,a 2).又由已知得B (t ,-t 2+2at ),D (t ,t 2),∴S =⎠⎛0t(-x 2+2ax )d x -12t ×t 2+12(-t 2+2at -t 2)×(a -t )=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-13x 3+ax 2⎪⎪⎪t 0-12t 3+(-t 2+at )×(a -t ) =-13t 3+at 2-12t 3+t 3-2at 2+a 2t =16t 3-at 2+a 2t .故S =f (t )=16t 3-at 2+a 2t (0<t ≤1).(2)f ′(t )=12t 2-2at +a 2,令f ′(t )=0,即12t 2-2at +a 2=0, 解得t =(2-2)a 或t =(2+2)a .∵0<t ≤1,a >1,∴t =(2+2)a 应舍去.①若(2-2)a ≥1,即a ≥12-2=2+22,∵0<t ≤1,∴f ′(t )≥0.∴f (t )在区间(0,1]上单调递增,S 的最大值是f (1)=a 2-a +16.②若(2-2)a <1,即1<a <2+22,(i)当0<t <(2-2)a 时,f ′(t )>0, (ii)当(2-2)a <t ≤1时,f ′(t )<0.∴f (t )在区间(0,(2-2)a )上单调递增,在区间[(2-2)a ,1]上单调递减.∴f (t )的最大值是f ((2-2)a )=16[(2-2)a ]3-a [(2-2)a ]2+a 2(2-2)a =22-23a 3.综上所述f (t )max=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 2-a +16⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫a ≥2+22,22-23a 3⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1<a <2+22.【难点突破】16.[解答] (1)设点P 的坐标为(a ,a 2-1),又设切点Q 的坐标为(x ,x 2).则k PQ =a 2-1-x 2a -x ,由y ′=2x 知a 2-1-x 2a -x=2x ,解得:x =a +1或x =a -1.所以所求的切线方程为2(a +1)x -y -(a +1)2=0或2(a -1)x -y -(a -1)2=0.(2)证明:S =⎠⎛a a -1[x 2-2(a -1)x +(a -1)2]d x +∫a +1a [x 2-2(a +1)x+(a +1)2]d x =23.故所围成的图形面积S =23,此为与a 无关的一个常数.。