55.接收性能测试分析23PCI-E 1/2/3、RapidIOPCI-E 1/2/3AGP x8DDR2/3、FBD10/100 EthernetGig Ethernet10 Gig ESCSI SAS1/2Fiber ChannelSAS1/2SATA2/3SATA4’97 ’98 ’99 ‘00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’Parallel SerialProprietaryIBADatacenter Clusters10 Gig E所有的I/O 总线都向串行发展数据速率越来越快（>1Gbps）上升时间越来越快反射越来越大5要在频域进行数据的分析6+5 VoltSupplyGround+5 VoltSupplyGround7。
¾过孔；8¾电磁辐射；•。
可见，信号完整性设计的考虑因素是多方面的，设计中应把握主要方面，减少不确定性。
9 10典型信号完整性现象3：串行信号眼图问题原因很多：阻抗不连续，损耗阻抗不连续，损耗 (11)眼图概念12串行数据的软件时钟恢复方式138参考: Bell Communications Research, Inc (Bellcore), “Synchrouous Optical Network (SONET) Transport Systems: Common Generic Criteria, TR-253-CORE”, Issue 2, Rev No. 1, December19971415•热噪声(RJ)•占空比失真(DCD)•电源噪声(RJ, PJ)•芯片内部耦合(PJ, ISI)•匹配错误(ISI)另外一个含义是指数字信号的上升与下降（或称信号的跳变）非常之快16，当信号的上升时间小于6倍（有说4倍）信号传输延时（电长度）时即认为信号是高速信号，而与信号的频率无关。
t rise<t prop delay• 617安捷伦信号完整性测试分析全套解决方案18Receiver M tl b V il A20CardPackage•Matlab, Verilog_A结果测量•TDR and TDT•2-port and 4-port VNA•Eye Diagram•Advanced JitterDecoder ReceiverEqualizerSignal Recovery建模——传输线Account for impedance, delay, conductor loss, dielectric loss, and couplingMultilayer Interconnect Models use a built-in field-solver, and have both layout and schematic representationsMomentum EM simulator for arbitrary planar structures. Has layout and schematic representationsAnalytic models are fast,and have a layout andschematic representation21•2D Via model vertical current•3D Via model vertical and horizontal currents •Advanced Slot Via modeling22频域通道仿真•S-Parameter Measurements•Z-Parameters Measurements•Y-Parameter Measurements•Group Delay23Monte Carlo Simulation Dielectric Constant variation (10%) High Frequency Response Degradation Rise/Fall Performance is EffectedTDR/TDT仿真24I/O驱动+ 互连仿真For illustration purpose we used Virtex-II Pro I/O simulation in this example25Allegro PCB Design Environment ADS design and simulation environment 262D/3D电磁场仿真isolated traceharmonic signal0.4 GHzoutput27S(1,1)isolated traceS(1,2)isolated trace 仿真结果查看——眼图和模板280810001E-3129-400-2000200400-6006000.20.40.60.80.0Time, fsecDDJHistDDJFHistDDJRHist-6-4-20246-88200400600800Time, psecTJHistRJPJHistDDJHist0.20.40.60.80.0 1.0UI308参考: Bell Communications Research, Inc (Bellcore), “Synchrouous Optical Network (SONET) Transport Systems: Common Generic Criteria, TR-253-CORE”, Issue 2, Rev No. 1, December19973132PeriodicJitter (PJ)Data DependentJitter (DDJ)Inter-symbolInterference (ISI)Duty CycleDistortion (DCD)Sub Rate Jitter(SRJ)UncorrelatedPJ33•热噪声(RJ)•占空比失真(DCD)•电源噪声(RJ, PJ)•芯片内部耦合(PJ, ISI)•匹配错误(ISI) 86100C 一键式抖动测试和分析34EZJIT+：基本抖动分析SignalTrendHistogramSpectrum 35EZJIT+：高级抖动分析36s3775050100150200250Actual TJ (ps)Fa数字信号的眼图38眼图模板39串行数据的时钟恢复方式40以恢复的每一个时钟累积显示可到实时眼图同时可以调用模板测试41模板测试有问题，可以定位具体有问题的数据位42以恢复的时钟为基准可以进行8b/10b解码43可以进行串行触发和搜索44并行总线时钟恢复和眼图形成例中：DDR 建立时间/保持时间模板读写分开，隔离3态45创新的图形化触发功能：InfiniiScanZone Qualify “must / must not pass” zonesGeneral Serial Software Trigger can isolate eventsup to 80 bitRunt software finder 46finds Runt signal like the hardware solutionNon-monotonic Edge finder isolates non-monotonic edge no hardware solution canDDR2Read/Write触发–InfiniiScan47READ・WRITE SignalsExisting TogetherWRITE Only Trigger48340MHz 3.4GHz均衡测试结果3.4Gb/s signal49Eye Pattern without Equalizer Eye Pattern with Equalizer示波器和逻辑分析仪集成调试90000系列示波器13 GHz16900系列逻辑分析系统9000系列示波器5016800系列逻辑分析仪5000/6000/7000 便携式示波器100 MHz4、本底噪声是同类仪器的1/3~1/2！52本底噪声是同类仪器的5、触发抖动是同类仪器的1/10；6、40GSa/s 采样下，波形捕获速率比同类仪器快100倍。
Faraday CagedNew ADNew Memory53Acquisition最大输入电压探头的典型带宽是12GHz 支54N5381A12 GHz 差分焊接式连接探头: 220 fF 输入电容, 50 kOhm 输入电阻, 4”长, 2 mm 前端尺寸, < 1 mm 最小连接间距N5382A12 GHz 差分点测式连接探头:220 fF 输入电容, 50 kOhm 输入电阻z SMA探头z差分和单端测试Probing in confined spaces10 cm solder-in probe head10 cm socketed probe head Differential browsing probe head 55影响抖动/眼图测试关键点：示波器底噪声3.1mV RMS @ 100mV/div56规范= 500fs RMS测试结果= 270fs RMS57传统高速深存储示波器结构图MegaZoom快响应深存储示波器结构图58深采集存储器MegaZoom 协同CPU，加速数据处理:•刷新速率快•前面板响应速度快59注入的能量传送的能量60快沿发生器典型快沿特性: 200 mV, 250 kHz35 ps快沿的方波ZoZ≠ZoZ=反射的能量∞E (ΔV)61Zero ΩZ L =Z 0ΩE/2V iV rV rTime显示的TDR曲线TDR曲线提供与被测传输线对应关系的特性典型的TDR结果¾A: 50 Ohm电缆¾B: 探头接触点¾C: 50 Ohm微带线¾D: 75 Ohm微带线¾E: 50 Ohm微带线¾F: 开路A B CDEF62¾去嵌入¾虚拟码形发生器¾眼图仿真,模板测量¾RLCG提取¾模型输出到ADS 或HSPICE63GPIBS-参数TDR•眼图仿真，模板测64眼图仿真，模板测量•RLCG 参数提取眼图RLCG 参数PLTS 眼图分析PLTS 虚拟眼图发生器眼图测得的数据(TDR or VNA)冲击响应卷积65ResistanceCapacitanceInductanceL11R11R12ConductanceResistanceCapacitanceInductanceConductanceG11C11L12C12G1266ADS 原理图传输线的RLCG 模型过孔处发生模式转673815UI @33UI1UI69Fibre Channel 4.25 Gb/s .38 1.5 UI @42.5 kHz .33 UI 99.1 UI FB-DIMM AMB1.0.4 UI .5 UI @ 20kHz .3 UI .1 UI .28 UI30kHz,0/-.5%XFI/XFP.3515 UI @ 2kHz99.2 UI9SATA II.35 UI-.35 UI.3 UI30kHz,•差分触发输出业界领先的误码分析仪技术随机抖动RJ •位恢复模式•快速总体抖动测量+最完整的，最精确的抖动注入和产速率范围: 150 Mb/s –12.5 Gb/s / 7 Gb/s70周期性抖动PJ 边界不相关抖动BUJ码间干扰ISI 正弦波干扰SI。